
 Sean Carroll's Mindscape: Science, Society, Philosophy, Culture, Arts, and Ideas
 Sean Carroll's Mindscape: Science, Society, Philosophy, Culture, Arts, and Ideas 42 | Natalya Bailey on Navigating Earth Orbit and Beyond
 Apr 15, 2019 
 Natalya Bailey, co-founder and CEO of Accion Systems, shares her journey from MIT to revolutionizing satellite propulsion with miniature ion engines. The discussion reveals the rapid increase of satellites and the looming threats of space debris, including the ominous Kessler syndrome. She highlights the implications of efficient propulsion systems on future missions and the role of CubeSats in democratizing space exploration. Bailey also touches on the importance of addressing Earth's climate challenges before venturing beyond our planet. 
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Orbital Environment
- Thousands of satellites launch yearly, increasing orbital debris.
- Satellites in lower orbits (around 500 km) have shorter lifespans (20-25 years), mitigating debris.
Satellite Lifespan
- Most satellites last 10-15 years, then fall to Earth and burn up.
- This limited lifespan is encouraged to control orbital debris, especially in lower orbits (below 500 km).
CubeSat Revolution
- CubeSats, standardized small satellites (10x10x10 cm), are revolutionizing space access.
- Their affordability allows more entities (high schools, businesses, etc.) to participate in space exploration.
