Ep 196: Taking care of strength business in ACL rehabilitation, with Olivia Barbosa
Sep 23, 2024
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Olivia Barbosa, a sports physiotherapist with over ten years in soccer and rugby, shares her insights on ACL rehabilitation. She emphasizes the often-overlooked importance of measuring both quadriceps and hamstring strength. Olivia critiques the reliance on the Limb Symmetry Index, advocating for comprehensive strength assessments. She discusses the varying outcomes in recovery for professional versus recreational athletes and highlights innovative techniques for tracking strength. Her focus on integrating clinical research with practical applications reveals new strategies for effective rehabilitation.
Continuous monitoring of strength in ACL rehabilitation is vital, as athletes may face long-term deficits affecting both performance and re-injury risk.
The limb symmetry index has limitations, necessitating a focus on absolute strength values for a thorough assessment of recovery progress.
Deep dives
Importance of Monitoring Strength in ACL Rehabilitation
Monitoring strength during ACL rehabilitation is crucial as athletes often experience residual knee muscle strength deficits that can last for over two years, potentially affecting their performance and increasing the risk of re-injury. Historically, the focus has shifted from time-based criteria to performance-based assessments, particularly emphasizing strength as a critical discharge metric. Current benchmarks have evolved from an initial 80% limb symmetry index to expectations of reaching 100% or even 110%, reflecting the growing demands placed on athletes. This highlights the necessity of continual strength assessment to ensure athletes meet these stringent recovery criteria.
Limitations of the Limb Symmetry Index
The limb symmetry index (LSI), used to compare the strength of the injured limb to the uninjured limb, has limitations that clinicians must acknowledge. Studies have shown that strength in the uninjured limb may remain unchanged or even decrease post-injury, which can lead to an overestimation of recovery in the involved limb when using LSI as a discharge criterion. Additionally, athletes may demonstrate significant strength increases in the operated limb while the uninjured limb's strength stagnates, complicating the rehabilitation process. Therefore, while LSI can provide a quick overview of strength deficits, it is essential to consider absolute strength values to ensure a comprehensive assessment of recovery.
Effect of Activity Levels on Strength Recovery
Activity level significantly influences strength recovery after ACL reconstruction, with professional athletes showing greater strength gains compared to recreational athletes. In a study involving over 600 athletes, both groups demonstrated increased strength, but the timeline varied; professional athletes often reached pre-operative levels within three months, while recreational athletes took up to six months. The data revealed that most strength improvements occur between one and a half and four and a half months post-surgery, with a plateau noted after six months. This suggests that tailored rehabilitation strategies must be designed based on the activity level of the patient to optimize recovery outcomes.
Muscle strength is a core focus of many sports injury rehabilitation programmes, and often a prominent discharge criterion. Today's guest has an important message about the uninjured limb in ACL rehabilitation: "beware the moving target of strength".
Olivia Barbosa is a sports physiotherapist with over a decade of experience in soccer and rugby. She currently works at the Aspetar Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Hospital where she contributes to the concussion and the ACL clinical teams, and does research focused on muscle activation and strength recovery in ACL rehabilitation.
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RESOURCES
More on changes in quadriceps and hamstrings muscle strength over rehabilitation: https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2023.11961
Aspetar ACL rehabilitation clinical practice guideline: https://www.aspetar.com/en/professionals/aspetar-clinical-guidelines/recommendations-on-rehabilitation-after-aclr
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