NPR's Book of the Day 'Hope for Cynics' and 'On Freedom' ask big-picture questions about how we live
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Oct 4, 2024 
Jamil Zaki, a Stanford psychology professor, discusses the damaging effects of cynicism on individuals and societies, urging a shift toward 'hopeful skepticism.' He shares personal insights on how cynicism fosters division and conspiracy theories. Meanwhile, Timothy Snyder, a Yale historian, reflects on redefining freedom, especially in light of his experiences in Ukraine. He emphasizes that true freedom goes beyond mere absence of conflict, highlighting the importance of community and moral choices in fostering a deeper understanding of liberty.
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Emil's Inspiring Hopeful Skepticism
- Emil was a peace neuroscientist who saw the best in others despite adversity.
- He inspired Jamil Zaki by choosing hope over cynicism even while dying of brain cancer.
What Is Cynicism Exactly?
- Cynicism means thinking most people are selfish, greedy, and dishonest.
- This belief reduces trust and vulnerability, deeply affecting relationships and society.
Hopeful Skepticism vs Cynicism
- Skepticism evaluates people and situations individually, seeking data like scientists.
- It leaves room for hope since most people are more trustworthy than expected.