1) System 1 and System 2 Thinking

The distinction between System 1 and System 2 thinking, coined by Keith Stanovich, has been widely used in cognitive science and decision-making research. System 1 refers to automatic and intuitive cognitive processes, while System 2 involves controlled and conscious reasoning. While some critics argue that the term 'system' can be misleading, it offers a useful framework for understanding different modes of thinking. However, it is important to be cautious about essentializing System 1 and System 2 as separate entities, as they are more accurately understood as general types of cognitive processes.