
New Books in Law David Garland, "Law and Order Leviathan: America’s Extraordinary Regime of Policing and Punishment" (Princeton UP, 2025)
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Nov 14, 2025 David Garland, a renowned criminologist and law professor, explores America’s unique approach to policing and punishment. He discusses how economic disparities and the legacy of the 1960s led to aggressive law enforcement and mass incarceration. Garland connects historical violence and concentrated poverty to high crime rates, arguing that America’s social fabric supports punitive policies. He emphasizes the need for reform, sharing examples of successful policy changes that could lead to a more equitable justice system.
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Democratic Covenant For Law And Order
- The US built a vast penal state because voters repeatedly chose law-and-order responses to high violent crime.
- This democratic covenant traded civil liberties for perceived safety through expanded police and prisons.
Roots Of America's High Lethal Violence
- High US homicide rates stem from historical tolerance of private violence, pervasive guns, and concentrated poverty.
- Deindustrialization and worklessness funneled young men into illegal economies that increased lethal violence.
Class, Not Race, Explains Crime Patterns
- Race magnifies punishment but does not fully explain crime patterns; class and concentrated poverty are primary drivers.
- Controlling for social background reduces racial differences in offending rates.








