Dave Stachowiak: Eight Types of Power A brief word from Power vs. Force* by David Hawkins In 1959, French & Raven identified several types of power in their research: 1. Reward power Giving something of value 2. Expert power Knowledge, competence, and experience 3. Referent power Personality and charisma to influence others 4. Legitimate We have the legitimate right to command given our position in the organization In 1975, Raven & Kruglanski added to the list... 5. Connection power Access to powerful people and organizations 6. Information power Access to information that other parties don’t have In 1989, Liberatore et al. added... 7. Group decision-making power The decisions an entire organization gets behind Finally, in 1991, Yukl & Falbe identified... 8. Persuasive power The ability to influence through logic and dialogue A brief word about force Coercive “power” is also cited in the research This is the force against will - to threaten punishment and deliver penalty Effective leaders have two directives when considering force: 1. Use it only as a last resort 2. To be certain, at least beyond a reasonable doubt, that it’s justified Discover More Activate your free membership for full access to the entire library of interviews since 2011, searchable by topic.