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Dev Ojha and Nick Spooner, authors of the Fractal transparent SNARK construction, discuss how Fractal improves on earlier work, its differences from STARKs, and the discovery of recursive SNARKs. They explore the relationship between Fractal and Aurora, the role of oracles in DeFi, efficient recursion in transparent SNARKs, and the process of converting a construction. They also discuss collaboration between academic groups and the cryptographic implications of snarks.
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Quick takeaways
- Fractal is a transparent pre-processing snark that enables recursion without a trusted setup, solving the problem of transparent recursion and allowing the verifier to run faster than the circuit being checked.
- Recursion plays a critical role in snarks, enabling efficient handling of complex computations, and ongoing research aims to optimize recursion in snarks and explore its impact on security.
Deep dives
Fractal: A Transparent Pre-processing Snark
Fractal is a transparent pre-processing snark that enables recursion without a trusted setup. It builds on Marlin's protocol by adding pre-processing to achieve a sync verifier. The key goal of fractal is to solve the problem of transparent recursion, allowing the verifier to run faster than the circuit being checked. With fractal, unstructured computations are handled efficiently through the use of R1CS, while maintaining security and post-quantum resistance. Fractal differentiates itself from starks by focusing on unstructured computations, offering an alternative approach to recursion. The fractal code is available on libiop.org and can be used for experimentation and performance analysis. Further research is being done to improve the parameters and explore the cryptographic implications of snarks and one-round arguments.
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