Disease Ecologist Dr. Andrea Swei discusses Lyme Disease, testing, treatment, animal carriers, 'chronic Lyme', post-treatment Lyme, helpful proteins in lizards, Ukrainian princesses Babesia and Borrelia, Lyme vaccines, pet care, symptoms, prevention, and tick-borne illness vaccines. Entertaining and informative episode on tick-borne illnesses with valuable insights on tick control and disease ecology.
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Quick takeaways
Understanding zoonotic diseases transmission from wildlife to humans is crucial for disease debuted; tick-borne illnesses like Lyme have roots in wildlife before impacting humans.
Challenges in diagnosing Lyme disease highlight the need for more accurate diagnostic tools beyond serological tests; gene expression testing shows promise for improved detection.
Ecological factors influence tick-borne disease distribution, with the West Coast showing significant Lyme prevalence due to habitat differences and human-environment interactions.
Deep dives
Understanding Tick-borne Diseases and Disease Ecology
Being a disease ecologist, research focuses on understanding diseases, their transmission, and ecological factors influencing them. Zoonotic diseases, naturally maintained in wildlife, can cross over to humans, contributing to the burden of infectious diseases. Tick-borne illnesses like Lyme disease have existed in wildlife populations before affecting humans, emphasizing wildlife reservoirs' role. Research delves into how ecological changes impact disease transmission, emphasizing the importance of knowing vectors and their habitats.
Challenges in Lyme Disease Diagnosis and Testing
Diagnosing Lyme disease involves challenges due to serological tests' lack of specificity and potential cross-reactivity. Current two-tier CDC testing aims to minimize false positives but has limitations. Research explores the use of gene expression testing to detect markers of infection. Difficulty in detecting Lyme disease lies in its ability to disseminate rapidly through the body, making diagnosis complex. Alternative diagnostic tools are under development for more accurate and sensitive detection.
Ecological Factors and Regional Differences in Tick Abundance
Tick-borne diseases' distribution extends beyond the Northeast, with the West Coast showing significant Lyme prevalence, contrary to common belief. The West Coast's ecological differences influence tick abundance, with Northern California being a hotspot. Human interaction with the environment shapes tick encounters, varying between urban and rural settings. Habitat fragmentation, diverse rodent communities, and intact food webs influence tick ecology and disease prevalence in different regions.
Deer Hunting and Roadkill Statistics
Deer hunting has led to a decrease in roadkill incidents involving deer, with more deer used for food and fewer roadkill deaths. Despite not enjoying the idea of animals being slaughtered, there is an ecological rationale supporting deer hunting.
Lone Star Tick Meat Allergy
The lone star tick saliva can cause an allergy to alpha gal protein found in mammals, resulting in a meat allergy. This allergy, not exclusive to red meat, is on the rise with about 5,000 cases annually in the US. Rising temperatures and increased awareness may contribute to the growing prevalence of this allergy.
Lyme Disease! Powassan virus! That Lonestar tick meat allergy! Paralysis ticks! Acarology taught us all about the eight-legged villains that aim for our crevices, but Disease Ecologist Dr. Andrea Swei offers a deep dive under the skin to learn more about what nasties a tick can give us. We chat a whole bunch about Lyme Disease: its prevalence, testing, treatment, which animals carry it, “chronic Lyme” vs. post-treatment Lyme. We also cover how lizards might harbor a helpful protein, two Ukrainian princesses by the names of Borrelia and Babesia, why you'll want chickens and possums hanging out at your barbecues, Lyme vaccines, pet care, symptoms, prevention and what scares her most. This one's a wonderful episode on its own, but is even better as a follow up to Acarology: the nightmare lesson of how ticks work.