
The Brainy Business | Understanding the Psychology of Why People Buy | Behavioral Economics 559. The Cobra Effect: When Good Intentions Backfire
Jan 8, 2026
Dive into the fascinating Cobra Effect, where good intentions lead to bad outcomes. Historical tales illustrate how well-meaning policies, like Delhi's cobra bounty, created unexpected problems. From rat tails in Hanoi to Bogotá's traffic woes, Melina reveals the pitfalls of poorly designed incentives. Learn how to spot potential loopholes and design effective solutions by considering real human behavior. Small changes can have big consequences, reminding us to think critically about the incentives we create.
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Cobra Bounty Backfired
- The British paid bounties for cobra skins to reduce snakes in Delhi but people began breeding cobras for profit.
- When the bounty ended breeders released cobras and the infestation worsened.
Rat Tail Bounty In Hanoi
- The French in Hanoi paid for rat tails and people began farming rats or cutting tails off live rats to collect bounties.
- When the bounty ended, released rats multiplied and the plague risk increased dramatically.
Driving Restrictions Caused More Cars
- Bogota limited driving by license-plate numbers to cut congestion but people bought second cars to bypass rules.
- This increased traffic and pollution because many second cars were older and dirtier.
