The Dissenter

#1163 Herman Pontzer: How to Understand Human Biological Variation: "Race", Height, Gender, and More

Oct 16, 2025
Guest
Herman Pontzer
In this engaging discussion, Dr. Herman Pontzer, a Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology at Duke University and author of 'Adaptable,' delves into the complexities of human biological variation. He argues that race is socially constructed and biologically meaningless. Pontzer also explores how height varies due to genetics and environment, and he examines the nuances of sexual development and the distinction between sex and gender. Additionally, he discusses the evolution of human diets and the importance of understanding transgender identities as part of our biological diversity.
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INSIGHT

Genes And Environment Make Each Person Unique

  • Each person is biologically unique due to a distinct mix of thousands of gene variants and lifelong environmental effects.
  • Identical twins diverge quickly because gene expression and life experiences reshape biology after birth.
INSIGHT

Most Genetic Variation Is Within Groups

  • Over 90% of human genetic variation exists within populations, not between them.
  • Average differences between groups are small compared with individual variation.
INSIGHT

Race Categories Misrepresent Biology

  • Race categories like 'black' or 'white' are socially constructed and poor proxies for biology.
  • Skin color can differ on average, but racial labels lack coherent biological boundaries.
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