HoP 441 - Lambs to the Slaughter - Debating the New World
Mar 17, 2024
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Exploring the justifications behind Spanish conquistadors' brutality in the New World, including legal and philosophical arguments influenced by Aristotle. Discussion on the European rationale for intervention in the Americas, critiquing Spanish colonialism and debates on the treatment of indigenous peoples. Highlighting the contrasting views of de las Casas and Montecino on colonial violence and the complexities of understanding historical texts on colonialism and slavery.
European conquest in the Americas led to millions of indigenous people being annihilated, sparking debates on genocide.
Aristotle's concept of 'natural slavery' was used to justify the exploitation of indigenous peoples, reflecting European perceptions of inferiority.
Deep dives
The Slaughter in the New World
The podcast delves into the impact of European encounters with the peoples of the Caribbean and the Americas. It highlights the controversial debate surrounding the pre-contact population estimates and the devastating consequences of the European arrival. Scholars suggest that millions of indigenous people were annihilated, sparking discussions on whether this should be labeled as genocide. The Spanish conquest, under the guise of Catholic Church approval, led to deliberate deaths through warfare and exploitation, revealing a complex history of violence and hypocrisy.
Aristotle's Influence on Colonial Justifications
The episode explores the role of philosophical justifications, particularly Aristotle's, in rationalizing colonial actions. Colonial apologists drew on Aristotle's concept of natural slavery to defend exploitation of indigenous peoples in the Americas. The belief that certain groups were 'naturally slaves' resonated with the European perception of the inhabitants as inferior beings. Aristotle's political theories were repurposed to provide intellectual backing for the European conquests, mirroring his views on slavery.
Historical Figures and Their Moral Stances
The narrative contrasts the perspectives of historical figures like Francisco de Vitoria and Juan Gines de Sepulveda with Bartolome de las Casas. Vitoria and Sepulveda align with the idea of indigenous peoples as 'natural slaves,' advocating for European dominion based on Aristotelian principles. In contrast, de las Casas criticizes the violent excesses of the conquistadors, challenging the dehumanization of Native Americans and advocating for their rights and humane treatment. The conflicting views reflect complex moral dilemmas and ethical considerations surrounding colonialism and the treatment of indigenous populations.
Bartholomé De las Casas argues against opponents, like Sepúlveda, who believed that Europeans had a legal and moral right to rule over and exploit the indigenous peoples of the Americas.
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