Why Are Flu And Other Viral Infection Rates So High This Year?
Feb 25, 2025
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Dr. Katelyn Jetelina, an epidemiologist known for her newsletter "Your Local Epidemiologist," and Dr. Erica Shenoy, the Chief of Infection Control at Mass General Brigham, discuss the alarming spike in flu and other viral infections this winter. They explore factors contributing to the surge, like low vaccination rates and weakened immunity. The experts also examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped public awareness of viral threats and the challenges in monitoring bird flu. Their insights illuminate the critical state of public health during this troubling season.
This winter's viral season has seen flu cases rise to levels not experienced since the 1990s, exacerbated by waning immunity and aggressive strains.
The high incidence of various viral infections emphasizes the need for early intervention and raises concerns about potential co-infections impacting public health.
Deep dives
Surge in Viral Illnesses
This year has witnessed an unprecedented spike in viral illnesses, particularly flu cases, which are reaching levels not seen since the 1990s. Hospitalization rates for flu have surged to the highest point in 15 years, with flu deaths surpassing those from COVID-19 for the first time since the pandemic began. Factors contributing to this severe flu season include waning population immunity due to lower vaccination rates among children and the circulation of more aggressive strains of the virus. The current flu strain, H3N1, poses significant challenges for existing vaccines, further exacerbating the public health crisis.
Impact of Hospital Capacity
The influx of flu cases has put immense pressure on hospitals, which are already operating near capacity. Emergency rooms are facing increased demand as healthcare providers strive to manage the conditions resulting from this harsh flu season. Some hospitals report a potential plateau in flu cases, providing a glimmer of hope, but the strain on resources remains significant. Additionally, early intervention and treatment for flu patients are emphasized as critical strategies to reduce the risk of hospitalization.
Emerging Concerns about Coinfections
The simultaneous occurrence of various viral infections, including norovirus and walking pneumonia, raises concerns about the interplay between these illnesses. Experts speculate that the large flu season may be suppressing COVID-19 transmission, as the body's immune response is engaged in fighting off flu infections. Public awareness and increased testing for respiratory viruses have improved, with many individuals becoming more attuned to their health and the specific viruses affecting them. The potential for co-infection and its implications for public health highlight the need for continuous observation and research into current viral trends.
It’s been an unusually tough winter virus season. Rates of flu-like infections are higher than they’ve been in nearly 30 years. And for the first winter since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, flu deaths have surpassed COVID deaths. Add to that a higher-than-average year for norovirus, a nasty type of stomach bug.
Then there’s the emerging threat of avian flu. While there is no evidence of human-to-human transmission of the virus, about 70 people in the US have contracted the virus from livestock since April 2024.
To make sense of the latest viral trends, Host Flora Lichtman talks with Dr. Katelyn Jetelina, epidemiologist and author of the newsletter “Your Local Epidemiologist”; and Dr. Erica Shenoy, chief of infection control at Mass General Brigham hospital.
Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on sciencefriday.com.