JAMA Clinical Reviews Diagnosis and Treatment of MASLD
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Nov 10, 2025 Norbert Stefan, MD, a leading endocrinologist and MASLD researcher, discusses metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. He reveals alarming global prevalence rates, especially in obesity and diabetes. Geographic variations in MASLD highlight rising incidences in Asia and harsher impacts in Eastern Europe. Stefan explains the role of diet, alcohol, and exercise in managing MASLD and outlines the diagnosis process through ultrasound and advanced imaging. He also covers innovative treatments, including medication and lifestyle changes to combat this growing health concern.
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MASLD Is Extremely Common And Rising
- MASLD affects roughly one-third of adults worldwide and has nearly doubled in prevalence over two decades.
- The growing burden makes MASLD a major concern across internal medicine.
Diabetes And Obesity Drive MASLD Rates
- MASLD prevalence is very high in type 2 diabetes (about 60%) and in obesity (70–80%).
- These metabolic conditions strongly drive the liver disease burden.
Regional Differences And Rapid Increases
- Geographic rates vary: Eastern Europe and South America are high, and Asia—especially China—has rapidly rising prevalence.
- Increases occur even in relatively lean populations due to changing exposures.