In Focus by The Hindu From aviation to digital markets: why tighter regulation is needed to curb duopolies
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Jan 5, 2026 In this engaging discussion, Rahul Singh, an Associate Professor of Law specializing in competition law, sheds light on market concentration in India. He examines the monopolistic trends in aviation and other sectors, such as telecom and e-commerce. Singh highlights the risks to consumer choice and labor protections and underscores the importance of robust regulatory frameworks. He urges stronger collaboration among regulators to address these issues effectively and cautions against frequent legislative changes that could complicate enforcement.
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Three-Prong Test For Consumer Harm
- Market concentration harms consumers mainly via reduced output, higher prices, or lower quality.
- Competition law must focus on these three prongs when assessing consumer harm.
Dominance Is A Qualitative Judgment
- India defines dominance qualitatively as the ability to act independently of market forces.
- Parliament moved away from fixed market-share thresholds to allow context-specific analysis.
IndiGo Crisis Shows Fragile Backup
- IndiGo's ~65% market share illustrates how one firm's disruption can cascade across the sector.
- Air India, with ~10–15% share, could not expand quickly enough to protect consumers during the crisis.