Is the Human Person Naturally Religious? Fr. Thomas Joseph White, O.P.
Jun 7, 2024
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Fr. Thomas Joseph White, O.P., an expert in theology, discusses whether the human person is naturally religious. Topics include human sacrifice in ancient civilizations, Kant's theoretical agnosticism towards God, and Freud, Nietzsche, and Marx's views on religion. The podcast also explores Aquinas' perspective on the virtue of religion, natural theology, corrupted religious urges in modern culture, and the shift towards a more secular worldview.
Religious behavior is both natural and corrupted without grace, emphasizing human inclination towards knowledge and love of God.
Modern philosophers like Kant challenge religious perspectives, viewing religion as hindering social progress and ethical obligations.
Engaging in religious practices cultivates virtues and deepens communion with God, necessitating theological solutions for religious pathologies.
Deep dives
Aquinas' View on the Naturalness of Religion
Aquinas explores whether human beings are naturally religious. He delves into contrasting religious positions, one suggesting religion as a supernatural virtue derived from grace, and the other positing that religion is fundamentally unnatural. Aquinas argues that religious behavior is both natural and subject to corruption without grace. He emphasizes the human inclination towards knowledge and love of God, highlighting the potential for healthy religious behavior even outside visible Christian contexts.
Modern Perspectives on Religion as Unnatural
Modern philosophers like Kant challenge the religious perspective, presenting religion as a social vice that hinders social progress and delimits ethical obligations. Kant's philosophy advocates for agnosticism regarding the existence of God and neutralizes atheistic and theistic arguments. Freud, Nietzsche, and Marx view religion as an opiate that alienates individuals from reality and underpins social delusion, hindering social change and revolution.
The Ambivalence Surrounding Religious Practice
Aquinas's stance on religion reveals ambivalence towards religious behavior prevalent in society. He acknowledges that religion can be both natural and subject to corruption. While non-Christian religious expressions may reflect the healing effects of grace, Christian religious practices can sometimes be fragile or corrupt. Aquinas argues that addressing religious pathologies requires theological solutions and a recognition of the necessary role of grace in rehabilitating human religious impulses.
The Role of Religion in Cultivating Virtues and Grace
Practicing habits of prayer, devotion, worship, adoration, and sacrifice contributes to the cultivation of natural virtues of religion as highlighted by Aquinas. By engaging in external acts of worship and corporate worship, individuals develop a deeper communion with God and other human beings. The importance of becoming a disciplined and habitually practicing religious person is emphasized, connecting the disciplines of the church with the private and public expressions of religious devotion.
Aquinas' Influence and Views on the Existence of the Christian God
Aquinas' relationship with Aristotle's philosophy is a subject of debate, with interpretations varying from a distinct philosophy to an organic development of Aristotelian principles. Not limited to the famous five ways, Aquinas' arguments span around 15 different approaches, conceptualizing him as a medieval neo-Aristotelian. Despite incorporating ideas from his contemporaries, Aquinas infuses these with an original Aristotelian perspective, emphasizing a unique and comprehensive understanding of philosophical reasoning and the existence of God.