Soul, Mind and Personhood in Modern Biology | Dr. Stephen Meredith
May 15, 2024
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Dr. Stephen Meredith discusses the transition from vitalism to mechanistic views in biology, explores Latin vital and formal causes, delves into defining the soul, identity, and personhood, and discusses medical ethics and philosophical concepts within the context of Thomas Aquinas' arguments.
Biologists battle against vitalism with more procedural terms in life processes.
Scientific vitalism's decline linked to historic developments like cell theory and fermentation experiments.
Deep dives
Biology and Vitalism
Biological scientists, especially biologists, are predominantly atheist or agnostic, unlike physical scientists. The critique of vitalism is examined, emphasizing the historical suppression of evolution teaching. Biologists are explored as focusing more on procedural terms regarding life processes, indicating a battle against vitalism centered on concepts like vitalism and life.
Scientific Vitalism's Decline
Scientific vitalism's decline is traced back to Friedrich Wöhler synthesizing urea and Edward Buchner's cell-free yeast fermentation. The development of biology as a science, exemplified by Schleiden's cell theory, challenged vitalism. Louis Pasteur's stance on fermentation tied to vitalism's diminishing relevance.
Conflict and Evolution of Cellular Theory
The maturation of biology through cell theory development by Schleiden and Schwann's cell studies are highlighted. The clash between past theories, like Needham's nutrient vitality versus Spallanzani's heat-experiment refutation, illuminates the transition towards germ theory.
Philosophical Reflections on Vitalism
Challenges to vitalism's negative nature, content emptiness, and categorization error are discussed, including Bergson's concept of Elan Vital. The reflection extends to historical debates on life force measurement like Duncan MacDougall's soul weight experiment, delving into vitalism's impact on defining life and natural mechanisms.