Gall's Law

In 'A New Kind of Science,' Stephen Wolfram presents a comprehensive study of computational systems, particularly cellular automata, and argues that the study of simple programs can revolutionize various fields of science. The book, which took over a decade to complete, introduces the Principle of Computational Equivalence and the concept of computational irreducibility. Wolfram demonstrates how simple rules can generate complex behavior, similar to patterns observed in nature, and discusses the implications of these findings for fields such as physics, biology, and mathematics. The book is known for its extensive use of computer graphics and its attempt to establish a new foundational science based on computational principles.

In 'Systemantics', John Gall provides a unique perspective on systems design by highlighting how complex systems inherently tend to fail. He introduces key concepts such as Gall's Law, which states that a complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that worked. The book also discusses how systems often oppose their own proper function, and how the introduction of a system does not reduce the total number of problems but merely changes their form and relative importance. Gall's work is characterized by witty observations and critiques on the failures of system design, advocating for a bottom-up approach to building systems.