
The Foreign Affairs Interview America Can’t Escape the Multipolar Order
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Dec 4, 2025 Emma Ashford, a foreign policy analyst and author, champions a restrained U.S. foreign policy as she explores the shift to a multipolar world. She critiques the Biden and Trump administrations' strategies, advocating for a nuanced understanding of international power dynamics. Ashford discusses the political risks surrounding U.S. withdrawal from conflicts, the complexities of supporting Ukraine, and the importance of promoting pragmatic engagement with adversaries. She emphasizes the need for realistic defense strategies and highlights upcoming geopolitical challenges.
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Unipolarity Has Given Way To Unbalanced Multipolarity
- American unipolarity has eroded because other states, especially China, have closed the capability gap with the US.
- That shift creates an unbalanced multipolar world rather than a return to stable unipolarity.
Shift Military Burdens, Not Economic Bridges
- Pressure allies to increase defense spending and move capabilities onto them to shift military burdens.
- Avoid unilateral economic pressure that alienates partners and undermines cooperation.
Sanctions Can Consolidate Rival Networks
- Forcing pariah states into a narrow set of partners pushes them toward deeper ties with other autocracies.
- That dynamic creates sanctions circumvention and strengthens rival networks instead of isolating them.




