David Farrell, an academic who has studied the Irish example of citizen assemblies addressing national issues in a new and edifying way, talks with Lawrence Lessig about the success of citizen assemblies in Ireland, the impact of deliberation on attitudes, constructing and organizing a citizen assembly room, the use of citizen's assemblies in addressing various topics, the development and success of Belgian citizen assemblies, and the lack of innovation and implementation of democratic processes in the United States.
Ireland's citizen assemblies have successfully tackled significant issues like marriage equality and abortion legislation.
The tight control of the process and the government's agenda-setting power raise concerns about democratic participation in Irish citizen assemblies.
There is a growing interest and potential for citizen assemblies in Europe, as seen in Belgium's regional approach and the European Union's use of assemblies in shaping the EU agenda.
Deep dives
Ireland's Effort at Remaking Democracy
Ireland embarked on a process of political and constitutional reform after the financial crisis of 2008. The government established the Convention on the Constitution, which functioned as a citizen's assembly. One notable achievement was the introduction of marriage equality through a popular vote. This success led to the establishment of subsequent citizen assemblies, including one on the topic of legalizing abortion in Ireland. The citizen assembly on abortion was well-run and had a significant impact on the subsequent referendum that changed Ireland's constitution, allowing the parliament to legislate on abortion. The Irish experience highlights the potential of citizen assemblies in tackling significant and contentious issues.
The Structure and Process of Irish Citizen Assemblies
Irish citizen assemblies consist of a mix of randomly selected citizens and members of parliament who engage in deliberation on specific topics. The assemblies receive relevant information from experts, practitioners, and impacted individuals. The members participate voluntarily and are compensated for their time. The process includes plenary discussions, table discussions, and presentations. Irish citizen assemblies have achieved positive outcomes, leading to policy changes such as marriage equality and abortion legislation. However, there are concerns about the tight control of the process by civil servants, the government's agenda-setting power, and the response of politicians to the assembly's recommendations.
Developments in Belgium and the European Union
Belgium has emerged as an interesting case for citizen assemblies, with innovative approaches being implemented at the regional level. The German-speaking community in Belgium has established a permanent citizen council that interacts with the parliament, ensuring ongoing citizen participation. The European Union has also embraced citizen assemblies, using them in its conference on the future of Europe. These assemblies provide a platform for citizens from different European countries to deliberate and influence the EU agenda. The spread of citizen assemblies within Europe indicates a growing interest and potential for this democratic innovation.
Challenges and Critiques of Citizen Assemblies
While citizen assemblies have shown promise, there are challenges and critiques to consider. In Ireland, the tight control of the process by civil servants and the government's power to set the agenda raise concerns about democratic participation. The impact of citizen assembly recommendations ultimately depends on the willingness of politicians to engage with and act on them. Moreover, the cost and logistical complexities of organizing citizen assemblies can be significant barriers. However, ongoing experimentation and adaptation of citizen assembly models can help address these challenges and improve the effectiveness of the process.
Potential for Citizen Assemblies in the United States
In the United States, there has been limited adoption of citizen assemblies compared to other countries. Various factors, such as the size and complexity of the political system, the perceived costs, and the lack of political will, may contribute to this. However, there are promising examples of citizen assembly-like processes, such as deliberative polls and citizen initiative reviews, that have been successful in certain states. Exploring ways to integrate citizen assemblies into the American context, such as through constitutional conventions or state-level initiatives, could help bridge the gap and promote democratic participation.
Ireland has been perhaps the most impressive example of citizen assemblies addressing national issues in a new and edifying way. David Farrell is an academic who has studied the Irish example. I talk with him about what Ireland can teach the rest of the world.
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