Understanding Just War Theory w/ Fr. Gregory Pine, O.P. & Prof. Joseph Capizzi
Nov 7, 2024
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Join Fr. Gregory Pine, O.P., a renowned Dominican scholar, and Prof. Joseph Capizzi, Dean of Theology at the Catholic University of America and expert in social and political theology, as they dive into Just War Theory. They discuss the moral complexities of warfare, the role of forgiveness in both personal and national contexts, and the importance of post-conflict reconciliation. Capizzi shares insights on historical examples and the necessity of recognizing all parties as rational to foster sustainable peace, challenging listeners to rethink the ethics of conflict.
Just war theory, rooted in the teachings of Augustine and Aquinas, provides a moral framework for evaluating the ethics of military conflict.
The historical evolution of just war criteria reflects changing moral perspectives, especially in response to technological advancements and past warfare practices.
Deep dives
The Role of Moral Theology in Formation
Moral theology plays a critical role in the formation of priests and religious, as highlighted by the speaker's extensive experience within the Catholic University of America. Engaging with challenging moral questions through various papacies has allowed for the exploration and teaching of important ethical concepts. This process not only contributes to the spiritual growth of individuals but fosters a deeper understanding of the complexities faced in contemporary moral dilemmas. The contributions of students, some of whom have ascended to significant positions within the church, underscore the meaningful impact of this educational journey.
Just War Theory Foundations
Just war theory is rooted in broader theological claims, particularly as articulated by Augustine and Aquinas, and serves as a framework for understanding the morality of war. This analysis begins with the establishment of authority, just cause, and right intention, all aimed at preserving the community and combating external threats. The necessity for legitimate authority to protect citizens highlights the ethical considerations involved in military action, emphasizing that the use of force must be justified. Understanding this theory requires a comprehensive approach that interlinks moral and political theology to navigate the complexities of war effectively.
Evolution of War Justification
The criteria for justifiable war have evolved, particularly in response to technological advancements and the moral implications of war practices observed during the 20th century. Initially, punitive wars were more openly justified, but this perspective has shifted towards a strict emphasis on defensive wars as horror stories from past conflicts have raised ethical concerns. This elasticity in the definition of defense showcases how states adapt their narratives to justify military actions while still pursuing their interests. Consequently, acknowledging the historical developments and varying motivations behind war remains crucial for engaging in meaningful ethical discussions.
Vittoria and Justification in the New World
Francisco de Vittoria's work provides valuable insights into the moral controversies surrounding the Spanish conquest of the New World, focusing on the rights of indigenous populations. He critically engaged with questions of whether these peoples were entitled to ownership of their lands and the moral legitimacy of the Spanish presence. Vittoria's refusal to accept justifications of war based on dehumanization or misconceptions about indigenous peoples highlights the need for ethical rigor in the justification of military action. His legacy continues to inform contemporary discourses on rights, justice, and the complexities inherent in the moral fabric of international relations.
What exactly is just war theory? Join Fr. Gregory Pine, O.P. of Aquinas 101, Godsplaining, and Pints with Aquinas for an off-campus conversation with Prof. Joseph Capizzi about the criteria for just war, the complexity of forgiveness in war, and post-war reconciliation and healing.
Joseph E. Capizzi is Dean of Theology at the Catholic University of America. He teaches in the areas of social and political theology, with special interests in issues in peace and war, citizenship, political authority, and Augustinian theology. He has written, lectured, and published widely on just war theory, bioethics, the history of moral theology, and political liberalism.
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