Trae Stephens, a general partner at Founders Fund and co-founder of Anduril, teams up with Michael Kratsios, former U.S. Chief Technology Officer, to tackle pressing issues in the defense sector. They reveal the shortcomings of the defense industrial base and discuss innovative strategies to maintain competitiveness against China. With a focus on revitalizing American manufacturing and leveraging new technologies, they explore how modern warfare demands a shift in defense spending. The conversation also highlights the challenges of attracting tech talent for public service.
The U.S. defense sector struggles due to fragmented funding approaches that favor established companies, impeding innovation from emerging defense tech startups.
To enhance military readiness, the U.S. needs to innovate manufacturing techniques and establish scalable production lines to address critical supply deficiencies.
Deep dives
Challenges in Defense Innovation Spending
The defense spending process is hampered by an overly cautious approach to investment, leading to what is seen as suboptimal allocation of funds. Despite good intentions, the government divides funds into numerous small portions, preventing significant development of new technologies. This method inadvertently mimics a university research model rather than focusing on scalable manufacturing processes. As a result, the current system favors established companies, stifling innovative entrants from making substantial impacts in defense technology.
Misunderstandings About the Defense Industrial Base
Many people underestimate the difficulty of transitioning new defense technologies from small startups into sizable contracts within the Pentagon. While there are numerous initiatives to support emerging defense companies, most still find minimal success in converting innovative ideas into material contracts. This illustrates a critical disconnect between funding and tangible outcomes in the defense sector, highlighting the complexities of procurement processes. Stakeholders have to reevaluate their expectations regarding the potential for new companies to emerge as legitimate competitors in a largely stagnant system.
Adapting Manufacturing to Modern Warfare Needs
The ongoing conflicts, such as in Ukraine, expose vulnerabilities in the U.S. defense manufacturing that could leave the nation at a disadvantage in a prolonged conflict. It is suggested that the U.S. military could exhaust its current munitions supply within days instead of months, revealing a significant deficiency in manufacturing capacity. To address this challenge, companies are encouraged to innovate manufacturing techniques and build scalable production lines. This approach includes forming partnerships and creating factories designed to adapt quickly to meet defense needs, ensuring a consistent supply of vital military tools.
Strategizing Against Technological Competition
The U.S. must establish clearer frameworks for both protecting critical technologies and promoting American standards globally, especially in areas like AI and semiconductors. As strategic decisions need to be made quickly, it is crucial to identify which technologies present the most risk while concurrently pursuing initiatives that foster U.S. technological guidance abroad. This dual strategy aims to not only reinforce national security but also prevent adversaries from gaining technological advantages. By focusing on these measures, the U.S. can effectively deter potential threats while maintaining its technological leadership worldwide.
I had the distinct pleasure of hosting Trae Stephens and Michael Kratsios on a panel in San Francisco in September on the topic of “Rebuilding the arsenal of democracy.” Trae Stephens is a general partner at Founders Fund and a Co-Founder of Anduril, a defense tech company that specializes in advanced autonomous systems.
Michael Kratsios served as Chief Technology Officer of the United States in the Trump White House. He also served as acting undersecretary of defense, where he was responsible for research and engineering efforts at the Defense Department. These days, he’s managing director of Scale AI.
We discussed:
* What’s wrong with the defense industrial base?
* How can we use tools like the Export-Import Bank to beat China?
* Can cutting Chinese tech out of supply chains hurt American companies?
* Will we see more tech talent in the next administration?
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