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Kirtan, which designates a style of singing, originated as a devotional hymn of praise in Sanskrit. It gained popularity about 600 years ago through the Sikh community and the Sikh people's practice of congregational singing. The Indian diaspora also played a significant role in spreading kirtan outside of India. Today, kirtan is practiced by various spiritual movements, including the Hare Krishna movement and the Siddha Yoga movement. It involves call and response chanting, often praising different deities or sacred texts. Over time, the focus on transcendence and experiencing unity consciousness has diminished in favor of more active participation and repetitive chanting.