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Roman Britain Declined Gradually
- Roman Britain's end was gradual, starting around 383 AD with military decline and economic crisis.
- Saxon invasions came after this decline, not as the original cause of collapse.
Triple Spiral Caused Collapse
- Civil war, barbarian raiding, and defense costs intertwined, creating a destructive spiral in late Roman Britain.
- This spiral fatally burdened the already declining British economy.
Urban Abandonment Reflects Safety Shift
- Towns were abandoned at the end of the fourth century, allowing nature to reclaim urban areas.
- People moved to fortified hill forts and old military sites for defense amid rising violence.