

Lawfare Daily: Sezaneh Seymour and Brandon Wales on Private-Sector Cyber Operations
Jul 29, 2025
Sezaneh Seymour is the Vice President at Coalition and a former Senior Adviser on the National Security Council. Brandon Wales serves as Vice President for cybersecurity strategy at SentinelOne, having led CISA. They explore the shifting dynamics of private-sector involvement in offensive cyber operations amid rising cyber threats. The duo discusses the need for a structured framework to define objectives, authorized activities, and legal considerations, while assessing the risks of escalation and the potential benefits of private-sector collaboration in cybersecurity.
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Importance of Defining Clear Objectives
- Offensive cyber operations reflect national security risks from digital vulnerabilities.
- Defining clear objectives is crucial before empowering private sector cyber actions.
Complexity Requires Policy Options
- Multiple layers of complexity surround private sector offensive cyber involvement.
- Policymakers need options to balance goals, tactics, and legal regimes effectively.
Distinguishing Cyber Operation Types
- Defensive cyber acts focus on own networks; offensive involve adversaries'.
- Boundaries between active defense and hackback blur, needing clearer legal definitions.