The Scientist Turned Spy: André Michaux, Thomas Jefferson, and the Conspiracy of 1793
Sep 5, 2024
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In this engaging discussion, Patrick Spero, the incoming CEO of the American Philosophical Society’s Library & Museum, unveils the thrilling tale of André Michaux and his conspiracy entanglement with Thomas Jefferson in 1793. They explore Jefferson's possible role in a French government plot aimed at establishing an independent Louisiana. Spero sheds light on the ideological clash over American expansionism and the significance of Michaux's botanical discoveries, intertwined with the political dynamics of early America.
The podcast explores the 1793 conspiracy involving André Michaux, Thomas Jefferson, and the French government's plot to establish an independent Louisiana republic.
Patrick Spero highlights Jefferson's role in promoting scientific exploration and citizen-led initiatives while navigating the complexities of early American foreign relations.
Deep dives
The Michaux Conspiracy and Its Historical Context
The podcast delves into the Michaux conspiracy, highlighting a plot orchestrated by the French government to establish an independent republic in Louisiana during the tensions between American settlers and Spanish authorities. Historian Patrick Spiro presents evidence found in the American Philosophical Society's archives, suggesting that Thomas Jefferson played a significant role in this conspiracy. Specifically, the project aimed to support botanist Andre Michaud's transcontinental expedition, predating the Lewis and Clark Expedition by a decade. This historical backdrop serves to illustrate the political ramifications of such conspiracies and the relationships between influential figures in early American history.
Jefferson's Role and Motivations
Jefferson's involvement in the Michaux expedition illustrates his belief in the importance of scientific exploration and agricultural development in shaping the future of the United States. He saw the potential of American natural resources and aimed to counter European critiques of American science, which he considered inferior. The podcast reveals that Jefferson mobilized nearly a million dollars in today's currency for this expedition, emphasizing his preference for citizen-led initiatives rather than direct government intervention. Through this political maneuver, Jefferson sought to demonstrate the viability of a republic founded on agrarian values and popular support.
The Géné Affair and Foreign Interference
The podcast examines the Géné affair, detailing how Edmund Géné, a French diplomat, attempted to gain support for a potential invasion of Spanish New Orleans while appealing to American citizens. Spiro highlights how Jefferson, despite initially supporting Géné, later distanced himself as political support waned. This incident underscores the complexities of early American foreign relations and the precarious balance between supporting revolutionary ideals and maintaining national stability. Furthermore, the intrigue surrounding Jefferson's tacit approval of Géné's plot presents a multifaceted view of his character amid political challenges.
Legacies and Continued Impact of the Michaux Conspiracy
The Michaux conspiracy had lasting implications, as it illuminated the patterns of discontent among Western frontiersmen and their inclination to seek independence or alter allegiances. The discussion links the conspiracy to later events such as the Whiskey Rebellion and the Burr Conspiracy, revealing a recurring theme in American history where citizens felt marginalized by their government. The podcast indicates that these early attempts at insurrection were instrumental in shaping the legal and political frameworks that defined citizenship in the United States. Spiro argues that understanding these historical moments can inform contemporary debates about governance and civil society.
On September 17, Constitution Day, Patrick Spero—the incoming chief executive officer of the American Philosophical Society’s Library & Museum in Philadelphia—will release his new book, The Scientist Turned Spy: André Michaux, Thomas Jefferson, and the Conspiracy of 1793. It explores the incredible story of an explorer, André Michaux, drawn into a plot orchestrated by the French government to exploit tensions between American settlers and Spanish authorities in the Louisiana region, with the aim of setting up an independent republic. In this episode, Spero joins Jeffrey Rosen to discuss the history of this conspiracy and explore new evidence implicating Thomas Jefferson in the plot, as well as the American Philosophical Society and Jefferson’s role in it.