Ben Highmore, a Professor of Cultural Studies at the University of Sussex and author of "Playgrounds: The Experimental Years," discusses the revolutionary adventure playgrounds that emerged after WWII, transforming bomb sites into vibrant spaces for child creativity. He explores the influential figures behind these playgrounds and their vision for fostering autonomy and social change. Highmore also reflects on the evolution of play in today’s risk-averse society, the challenges these playgrounds face, and their lasting impact on community and child development.
Adventure playgrounds emerged post-World War II as transformative spaces promoting creative, self-directed play among children of varying ages.
The evolution of adventure playgrounds reflects shifting societal attitudes towards child safety and the resulting impact on creative exploration opportunities.
Deep dives
The Concept of Adventure Playgrounds
Adventure playgrounds emerged as a revolutionary approach to children's play, distinguishing themselves from traditional playgrounds characterized by static equipment. These playgrounds were initially labeled as 'junk playgrounds,' utilizing bomb sites from World War II to create engaging, versatile spaces for children. Unlike conventional playgrounds that typically cater to younger children for brief visits, adventure playgrounds encouraged deeper engagement from a wider age range, operating from ages two and a half to twenty-two. Children were given the freedom to build structures, like dens, that could evolve throughout the summer, promoting creativity and self-direction in their play.
Philosophical Underpinnings of Play
The development of adventure playgrounds was rooted in the belief that play is essential for a child's development, akin to work for adults. This philosophy was shaped significantly by the post-war context, with a desire to heal societal trauma and address issues like juvenile delinquency. Playground initiatives aimed to create environments that fostered cooperation rather than competition, enabling children to learn valuable social skills in a non-disciplinarian setting. The emphasis was on self-directed learning and community-building, contrasting starkly with formal education systems of the time, which were often rigid and rule-bound.
Challenges and Evolution of Adventure Playgrounds
As societal attitudes towards child safety shifted, adventure playgrounds faced increasing pressure to conform to strict regulations, which affected their spirit of creative exploration. By the 1970s, there was a growing concern among adults about the risks associated with unregulated play, leading to a more risk-averse environment. The introduction of government oversight and funding led to a more structured approach to running these playgrounds, often compromising their original intent of being spaces for free expression. Despite these challenges, adventure playgrounds continue to survive, adapting to the changing landscape while still promoting collaborative skills and creative play among children.
After the Second World War, a vast experiment took place in which adventure playgrounds transformed bombsites and waste ground in the UK, creating opportunities for children, beyond the sanitised safety of more conventional play spaces with swings and see saws. Laurie Taylor talks to Ben Highmore, Professor of Cultural Studies at the University of Sussex about the range of people whose celebration of children's imaginative capacities re-invented the notion of play, from Northern Europe to North America. Designers, social reformers, and even anarchists, saw these sites of fun as the foundation for the creation of citizens and agents of social change.
What remains of those post war playgrounds, in the here and now, and what can the astonishing ambition of those spaces tell us about the power of play in an age of risk aversion?
Producer: Jayne Egerton
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