Medieval women: friendship, wanderlust and the medieval hustle
Oct 24, 2024
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Hetta Howes, a historian and author specializing in medieval studies, sheds light on the lives of four remarkable medieval female writers: Marie de France, Julian of Norwich, Christine de Pizan, and Margery Kempe. She explores how their works reveal the everyday experiences of women, from navigating male-dominated societies to forming deep friendships. Howes discusses themes of sexual agency, resilience against societal norms, and the timeless relevance of these women's struggles, drawing powerful parallels to modern challenges.
The writings of medieval women like Christine de Pizan reveal the complexities of female identity and societal constraints during that era.
Themes of friendship and the pursuit of independence highlight how women navigated their lives amid societal expectations and limitations.
Deep dives
The Four Pioneering Women of the Middle Ages
Marie de France, Julian of Norwich, Christine de Pizan, and Marjorie Kemp are highlighted as influential female writers from the Middle Ages. Marie de France, shrouded in mystery, is known for her lays—poetic tales that often intertwine themes of love and the supernatural. Julian of Norwich, who lived as an anchoress, documented her profound religious visions in her work, 'Revelations of Divine Love,' seeking to share her experiences with a wider audience. Christine de Pizan, the first woman to earn a living as a writer in Europe, is best known for her ambitious work 'The City of Ladies,' which critiques male-dominated narratives about women and champions their achievements.
Insights into Women’s Lives and Writing Limitations
The podcast discusses how the writings of these four women offer limited insights into the everyday lives of ordinary women in the Middle Ages, primarily due to societal and genre constraints. Writing was rare and often restricted by the expectations of women during this era, making extensive self-expression challenging. For instance, Julian of Norwich approached her visions with caution, framing them as gifts rather than personal testimonies, reflective of the modesty expected from women. Consequently, while their works provide valuable glimpses into their lives, readers must accept that they were created within significant societal limitations.
Societal Perceptions and Gender Expectations
The podcast depicts the complex societal attitudes towards women in the Middle Ages, characterized by a mixture of reverence and condemnation. While women were often celebrated in religious contexts—seen in figures like the Virgin Mary—they were simultaneously burdened by stereotypes that framed them as weak or morally questionable. This duality is evident in the language used in literature of the time, which could belittle women's actions while praising their nurturing roles. Authors like Christine de Pizan sought to navigate these rigid expectations, advocating for women's rights while also often adhering to the prevailing narratives of their time.
The Pursuit of Autonomy and Community
The desire for independence among women in the Middle Ages is explored, revealing the challenges faced by those seeking to carve out their own paths. Options like becoming an anchoress, as Julian of Norwich did, provided some women with a degree of freedom, allowing them to engage deeply with their spiritual lives while escaping societal constraints. Yet, for most women, familial and societal pressures loomed large, often defining their identities by their relationships with men. Friendship and community support among women emerge as themes, underlying the importance of solidarity in navigating a world that frequently marginalized them.
Marie de France, Julian of Norwich, Christine de Pizan and Margery Kempe: what can these four extraordinary female writers reveal about the everyday lives of ordinary women in the Middle Ages? Well, rather a lot, according to historian Hetta Howes. Looking closely at these authors' works, she captures glimpses into medieval lives that have otherwise been overshadowed – covering everything from the extent to which women had control over their bodies and freedoms, to female friendships and religious belief. Emily Briffett spoke to her to find out more.
(Ad) Hetta Howes is the author of Poet, Mystic, Widow, Wife: The Extraordinary Lives of Medieval Women (Bloomsbury Continuum, 2024). Buy it now from Amazon: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Poet-Mystic-Widow-Wife-Extraordinary/dp/1399408739/?tag=bbchistory045-21&ascsubtag=historyextra-social-histboty.