How empathy gets in the way of a better world with Paul Bloom
Apr 4, 2024
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Paul Bloom, a psychology professor, challenges the idea that empathy is crucial for a better world. He discusses how empathy can lead to inequality, the evolution of human psyche, and the concept of 'rational compassion.' The podcast explores the relationship between empathy, generosity, and morality, highlighting the importance of reason over pure emotion.
Empathy can lead to inequality by muddling judgment and prejudices.
Rational compassion should guide acts of kindness using reason over blind empathy.
Deep dives
Understanding Human Psychology and Evolution
Human minds are shaped by evolution, leading to behaviors like kindness and generosity. Paul Bloom, a psychologist, delves into the importance of considering our evolutionary history in understanding human behavior. Evolutionary factors, such as kin selection and reciprocal altruism, influence our actions. Bloom highlights the mismatch between our evolved instincts and the modern world, leading to challenges like obesity due to abundant food availability.
Rational Compassion and Effective Altruism
Paul Bloom advocates for rational compassion over blind empathy, emphasizing the need to engage reason to guide acts of kindness. He supports the concept of effective altruism, where individuals use rationality to determine the most impactful ways to help others. Bloom discusses the importance of balancing biological instincts with logical reasoning to ensure that acts of generosity are truly beneficial.
Navigating In-Group Biases and Moral Decision-Making
Bloom explores the inherent in-group biases in human psychology, acknowledging the natural inclination to prioritize family and familiar groups. While advocating for extending kindness beyond in-groups, he recognizes the practicality of prioritizing close relationships. Bloom underscores the complexity of moral decision-making and the need to strike a balance between self-interest and altruism.
Challenges and Solutions in Social Behavior on Media Platforms
Addressing the impact of anonymity on social media, Bloom highlights the potential for reducing toxicity and promoting civil behavior by linking actions to real identities. He discusses the role of fear and shame in shaping behavior and suggests that social media platforms can mitigate mob behavior through algorithmic interventions. Bloom underscores the importance of reputation and accountability in fostering kindness online.
To get a free copy of the Infectious Generosity book, visit ted.com/generosity.
It may feel like the world is running low on a seemingly crucial human trait: empathy. But Paul Bloom, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto, thinks that empathy is not the best measure of goodness. Paul’s work focuses on exploring some of the most puzzling aspects of human nature, including pleasure, religion and morality. He argues that empathy can actually lead to inequality because it muddles our judgment and narrows our prejudices. Chris and Paul talk about the biological evolution that led to our modern human psyche, discuss the perils of acting emotionally and break down the relationship between empathy, generosity and what Paul calls "rational compassion."