79 | What Could It Mean to Say, “Capitalism Causes Sexism and Racism”? with Professor Vanessa Wills
Dec 18, 2023
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Professor Vanessa Wills discusses how capitalism is intertwined with sexism and racism, emphasizing the importance of understanding capitalism's role in shaping these forms of discrimination. The conversation explores Marxism's analysis of labor as the key to scientific knowledge, Marx's perspective on integrating individuals with the external world, the relationship between philosophy and practice, and how capitalism perpetuates sexism and racism. The potential of socialist transformation to address social oppression within a capitalist system is also explored.
Marxism is not a class reductionist theory, but a production-centered theory that pays attention to the organic needs of society.
Capitalism influences the forms of labor and shapes social relations that contribute to sexism and racism.
Marxism offers a method to understand racism and sexism as shaped by class relations, while recognizing their diverse manifestations.
Deep dives
Vanessa Whittles challenges critiques of Marxism as class reductionist
In this article, Vanessa Whittles challenges the perception that Marxism is a class reductionist theory. She argues that this critique misunderstands the fundamental premises of Marxism, which she describes as a production-centered theory rather than simply a class-centered theory. Whittles asserts that Marxism pays attention to the organic needs of any society and how production is formed to meet these needs. She emphasizes that Marxism does not view labor and oppression as abstract concepts, but rather focuses on the historical materialism that examines the specific forms that labor and oppression take in society.
Capitalism shapes the social conditions for sexism and racism
Whittles explores the idea that capitalism shapes the social conditions under which sexism and racism occur. She argues that capitalism does not cause racism and sexism in the sense of being an agent or perpetuating them as its purpose. Instead, capitalism influences the forms of labor and shapes the social relations that contribute to sexism and racism. Whittles contends that understanding the specific forms of labor and the effects of social practices is essential to answering the question of how capitalism causes racism and sexism.
Marxism as an analytic framework to distinguish oppression and exploitation
Whittles justifies the use of Marxism as an analytic framework by highlighting its ability to differentiate between oppression based on identity and exploitation mediated through class relations. She argues that Marxism allows for a distinction between the injustices related to identity categories and injustices arising from the specific forms and social relations of labor. Whittles maintains that Marxism offers a method to understand racism and sexism as shaped by class relations while recognizing that they have diverse manifestations.
Marxism as a theory of labor and production
Whittles emphasizes that Marxism should be understood as a theory of labor and production. She suggests that the central category in Marxism is the process of human self-changing and productive interaction with the world. Whittles highlights the importance of recognizing that Marxism is not solely focused on class, but on the universal character of human nature and the process of integrating the world through labor. By viewing Marxism in this way, she argues that it provides insight into various aspects of being, including identity-based oppression.
The relationship between matter and ideas in Marxism
Whittles addresses the relationship between matter and ideas in Marxism, rejecting the notion that ideas are mere appearances or illusions. She argues that ideas and material reality are both products of human productive activity, and they are unified by their origin in labor. Whittles emphasizes that understanding the historical emergence and production of ideas is crucial to comprehending the interrelationship between material conditions and identity-based oppression. She concludes that Marxism offers a framework for examining the material basis of ideas and social relations, expanding our understanding of society and potential avenues for transformation.
In this episode, we are joined by George Washington University Associate Professor Vanessa Wills to discuss her article “What Could It Mean to Say, ‘Capitalism Causes Sexism and Racism’?” We try to figure out why critics badly understand the Marxist concept of causation as it concerns identity-based oppression, why labor and production provide the conditions of possibility for science, and whether the abolition of capitalism would automatically mean the end of racism and sexism (no, but it sure would help!). And as a treat, Hegel shows up to school us on the appearance/essence distinction!
leftofphilosophy.com | @leftofphil
References:
Vanessa Wills, “What Could It Mean to Say, ‘Capitalism Causes Sexism and Racism?’” Philosophical Topics 46 no. 2 (2018): 229-246.
Music:
Vintage Memories by Schematist | schematist.bandcamp.com
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