Can science make sense of life? In conversation with Prof. Sheila Jasanoff
Jun 6, 2023
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In this conversation with Prof. Sheila Jasanoff, an esteemed author and academic specializing in the intersection of science and society, compelling topics unfold. They discuss genome editing breakthroughs, including embryo modifications, alongside ethical dilemmas. Jasanoff highlights key genetic milestones, advocating for a balanced view on technological progress. The dialogue further explores the tension between religious and scientific perspectives of humanity, urging a need for humility in tech discussions and the importance of cultural context in shaping ethical frameworks.
The podcast emphasizes the transformative impact of CRISPR technology on genetic engineering, enabling unprecedented precision in manipulating the genome.
It highlights the urgent need for ethical frameworks to keep pace with scientific advancements in genetics, ensuring responsible societal engagement and decision-making.
Deep dives
Milestones in Genetic Science
The discussion outlines significant milestones in genetic science that have shaped modern understanding and capabilities. Starting with the iconic 1953 discovery of the DNA double helix, the conversation progresses to the advancements in genetic transfer technologies in the 1970s, which allowed for cross-species gene manipulation. The Human Genome Project, completed in the early 2000s, marked a pivotal moment by mapping the human genome and identifying genetic factors related to diseases. Most notably, CRISPR technology, emerging around 2011, revolutionized genetic engineering by enabling multiple edits in the genome with unprecedented speed and accuracy, opening doors for transformative medical applications.
The Complexity of Genetic Modification
A narrative often likens modern genetic modification to the breeding practices of ancient agriculture, suggesting little has changed beyond increased control. However, this oversimplification neglects the ecological and contextual complexities inherent in traditional breeding methods. Unlike ancient practices, contemporary techniques allow for unprecedented hybridization possibilities, manipulating organisms at a level not possible in nature. This contrast emphasizes the significant differences in precision and potential impact between historical breeding and modern genetic technologies.
The Need for Ethical Context
The podcast highlights the crucial need to embed scientific advancements within broader ethical frameworks to avoid potential misuses of genetic technologies. As researchers gain control over life-altering modifications, the conversations around morality, societal values, and the definition of flourishing become increasingly relevant. Technological advancements have outpaced ethical considerations, leading to dilemmas regarding the social implications of manipulating genes, such as the decisions surrounding traits like Down syndrome. This underscores the importance of interdisciplinary dialogue between scientists, ethicists, and the public to navigate the implications of scientific progress responsibly.
Global Differentiation in Science and Ethics
The conversation on differing national approaches to balancing scientific inquiry and ethical considerations reveals varied outcomes in legislation and societal impact. In Britain, a tradition of consensus-building has facilitated the acceptance of technological developments, albeit often reflecting elite perspectives. Germany employs a formalized approach to ensure diverse voices inform decisions, reflecting its commitment to ethical inclusivity. Meanwhile, the U.S. faces challenges due to an overemphasis on factual disputes, often hindering timely decision-making, illustrating the necessity for a more contextual understanding of science's role within society.
Nick Spencer talks to Prof. Sheila Jasanoff about her book Can science make sense of life?
The ability to manipulate genetic material has never been greater, and is increasing all the time. With it comes the claim that genetics can makes sense of life - controlling, directing, shaping who we are? Can it?
Nick Spencer talks to Prof. Sheila Jasanoff about her book Can science make sense of life?
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