149: Sociopolitical Forces that Led to Ezra Taft Benson's "To the Mothers in Zion"
Aug 21, 2023
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Former leader of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Ezra Taft Benson, discusses his infamous talk 'To the Mothers of Zion.' The podcast explores the historical context behind Benson's stance, including the Red Scare, feminist movement, civil rights movement, and the LDS church's commitment to codified gender roles. It also delves into Benson's involvement in the ultra-conservative John Birch Society.
Ezra Taft Benson's infamous "To the Mother's of Zion" talk was shaped by historical events such as the Red Scare, feminist and civil rights movements, and the church's desire for mainstream acceptance.
Benson's talk emphasized the preservation of traditional gender roles in response to the sexual revolution and fear of homosexuality, influenced by President Spencer W. Kimball's teachings and the conservative moral foundations of loyalty and authority.
Deep dives
Background and Context of Ezra Taft Benson's Talk
Ezra Taft Benson, a prominent figure in Mormon Church history, was deeply influenced by the political climate of the time. Born in 1899 and living through two World Wars and the Red Scare, Benson had a hard time separating church and state. The fear of communism and socialism during the post-World War II era led to a focus on the traditional family as a way to combat these social movements. The fortification of the home and the emphasis on gender roles were seen as a means of protecting American citizens. The conservative Christian right, including the LDS Church, consolidated its values during this period, with Benson drawing on ultra-conservative ideologies. This context influenced Benson's talk to the mothers in Zion in 1987, which strongly advocated for women to stay at home.
Influences of Spencer W. Kimball and the Sexual Revolution
President Spencer W. Kimball and the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s played significant roles in shaping the theology and culture of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Kimball, known for his teachings on sexuality and the pursuit of an ideal family, influenced Benson's talk. The sexual revolution, characterized by the fight for equal rights and issues of gender equality, sparked fear and anxiety within conservative religious institutions. The focus on preserving traditional gender roles in the home was a response to these societal shifts, with the fear of homosexuality also playing a role. The conservative ideology aimed to keep men fulfilling their perceived masculine roles and avoiding confusion in the home.
The Moral Foundations of Conservatism and Gender Roles
Understanding moral foundations theory provides insight into conservative perspectives. Conservatives prioritize loyalty, authority, and purity, emphasizing the success and preservation of the group. In contrast, liberalism values fairness and care, focusing on the development of individuals. Conservative ideology, such as Benson's, stresses loyalty to the church and authority figures, emphasizing the importance of gender roles within the family. The fear of homosexuality and the desire to maintain group cohesion contribute to the codification of these roles. Influenced by the historical and social context, along with conservative moral foundations, Benson presented a talk that perpetuated a conservative philosophy and reinforced traditional gender roles.
Series Title: Analysis of Ezra Taft Benson's "To the Mothers in Zion" Infamous Address [Part I of II]
This week on Latter Day Struggles we are diving into an address that rocked the worlds of many women in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. The talk? “To the Mother’s in Zion” given by Ezra Taft Benson clear back in 1987. This talk became a sort of priesthood-directed “Mormon motherhood position statement” for all women of the church for several decades.
To say the very least, it made its mark on thousands of women during this era and beyond.
In today’s episode Valerie offers a truckload of VERY SIGNIFICANT context that will help each of us better understand the reasons for this heavy-handed mandate for women to stay in the home. Some of the context addressed in this episode includes:
Historical issues that informed Benson’s stance (the Red Scare, the sexual revolution, the feminist movement, the civil rights movement)
The LDS church’s longing to achieve “in-group” status with the Christin conservative Right after a century of polygamy-induced shunning
The LDS church’s commitment to codified gender roles in an effort prevent the spread of homosexuality
Benson’s own involvement in the ultra-conservative John Birch Society
In FRIDAY’S episode, Valerie and friend and colleague Julie Hanks together walk through their own formative years as LDS girls and how this talk impacted them personally. They also jump into the address itself and talk about several sections from a psychological, spiritual, and relational health standpoint. Link to "To the Mother's of Zion" talk: https://emp.byui.edu/satterfieldb/pdf/tomothersofzion.pdf
**More sensitive or more psychologically advanced themes are saved for paid Friday episodes to protect the content creators from being mischaracterized by less familiar consumers.**
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