Experts discuss the ongoing search for extraterrestrial life, including the exploration of Mars and icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn. They explore the molecules and biosignatures indicating signs of life and the significance of Ganymede's magnetic field. The podcast also dives into the methods used to find biosignatures, such as analyzing starlight spectra, and touches on music from space and microbiology experiments on the International Space Station.
Extraterrestrial life may exist in extreme environments on other planets or moons, and studying extremophiles on Earth can provide insight into potential habitability.
International collaboration and ongoing missions like the Mars sample return mission and Trass Cass orbiter are essential for advancing our understanding of life beyond Earth.
Deep dives
Exploring the Possibility of Extraterrestrial Life
In this special program, the search for extraterrestrial life is discussed at the Blue Dot Science and Music Festival. The experts, Karen Olson-Francis, Libby Jackson, and Tim O'Brien, cover various aspects of this topic. They express confidence that life exists beyond Earth, although it may not resemble life as we know it. Mars, Jupiter's icy moons, and Saturn's moon Enceladus are highlighted as potential sources of extraterrestrial life. The discussion also delves into the ongoing search for biosignatures and techno signatures, as well as the challenges of distinguishing them from natural and human-made signals. The importance of the upcoming Mars sample return mission and the potential role of the Lunar Gateway in advancing our understanding of life in space are also highlighted.
Life's Survival in Extreme Environments
The experts discuss the possibility of life existing in extreme environments on Earth and beyond. Karen Olson-Francis explains how microbes can adapt and survive in hostile environments. The hope is that understanding the survival mechanisms of extremophiles on Earth can shed light on the potential for life to thrive in similarly extreme conditions on other planets or moons. The discussion also touches on the importance of studying the mineralogy and geological context of regions like Mars to identify potential biosignatures. The role of the International Space Station in studying the effects of space on life, as well as the future Lunar Gateway, is highlighted as crucial for expanding our knowledge in this field.
Searching for Life in the Universe
The search for life extends beyond our solar system, with scientists exploring exoplanets for signs of habitability. Thousands of exoplanets have been discovered, and some are located within the potentially habitable zone. Scientists are using various methods to analyze exoplanet atmospheres for biosignatures such as oxygen and methane. The challenge lies in distinguishing between natural processes and potential signs of life. Techno signatures, such as radio signals, are also being investigated. The experts emphasize international collaboration and ongoing missions like the Mars sample return mission and the Trass Cass orbiter as crucial for advancing our understanding of life beyond Earth.
Unraveling the Mysteries of Mars and Venus
The experts discuss the intriguing possibility of life on Mars and Venus. The Curiosity rover has detected methane on Mars, suggesting the presence of biological or geological processes. The Trass Cass orbiter is investigating this further, aiming to distinguish between organic and inorganic sources of methane. On Venus, the recent discovery of phosphine gas in the atmosphere raised excitement, as this gas can be a sign of biological activity. However, more research is needed to confirm this finding. The discussion also explores future missions, such as Mars sample return and the Lunar Gateway, which offer opportunities to gather more data and potentially solve these mysteries.
Under the mighty radio Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank, Victoria Gill brings together some of the UK’s leading experts who were visiting the recent ‘bluedot’ science and music festival. They discussed the ongoing hunt for extraterrestrial life.
We hear from Karen Olsson-Francis, a microbiologist who focuses on the tiny living things that have managed to occupy Earth's most hostile environments. Her research is helping shape space missions that are looking for evidence of life elsewhere in our solar system.
Also on the panel is Libby Jackson, head of space exploration at the UK Space Agency, who specialises in preparing humans for the extremes of interplanetary travel.
Finally, we hear from Tim O'Brien, associate director of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics. He’s explored parts of the Universe that no human can travel to by making the most of the radio telescopes based at Jodrell Bank.
Get the latest ‘inside’ scoop on how the UK is assisting with the search for life beyond Earth.
Presenter: Victoria Gill
Producers: Alice Lipscombe-Southwell, Harrison Lewis
Editor: Richard Collings
Production Co-ordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth
BBC Inside Science is produced in collaboration with the Open University.
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