Professor Tim Bale discusses the historical journey of Brexit from Britain's initial integration with the EU to the divisive referendum. Topics include Labour's stance on European integration, Theresa May's struggles with Brexit execution, potential post-Brexit scenarios, and the effects of Brexit on the UK economy and society.
Britain's initial hesitation to join the EEC stemmed from socialist and nationalistic concerns in the 1950s.
Margaret Thatcher's shift from pro-Europe to Eurosceptic reflected wider divides within the Conservative Party in the 70s and 80s.
Deep dives
Britain's Entry into the European Economic Community
In the 1950s, the European Economic Community (EEC) was established with the aim of integrating economies and politics. Britain, initially hesitant due to socialist and nationalistic concerns, later sought to join the EEC as its economy lagged behind. Despite resistance, Britain finally joined in 1973, following a referendum in 1975 that displayed public support for EEC membership.
Margaret Thatcher's Shifting Stance on Europe
Margaret Thatcher, initially pro-Europe in the 70s, later became a prominent Eurosceptic. Concerns about economic disparities within the EEC led to her drive to secure a rebate for Britain. While she facilitated European integration with the Single European Act, her growing Euroscepticism conflicted with this progress, reflecting broader divisions within the Conservative Party.
Challenges Faced During Theresa May's Tenure
Theresa May grappled with the Northern Ireland border issue post-Brexit, attempting a hard Brexit approach focusing on immigration. The delicate balance required to avoid compromising the peace process in Northern Ireland posed significant challenges in negotiating a suitable deal with the EU.
The Aftermath of Brexit and Future Prospects
Post-Brexit, the UK faces economic repercussions, including frictions in trade and regulatory alignment issues. While some perceive benefits like al fresco dining, overall public sentiment reflects regret over Brexit. The UK's potential future relationship with the EU remains uncertain, with trends pointing towards a closer alignment despite challenges.
On the eve of the 2024 General Election, we're tackling one of the UK's most divisive topics; Brexit.
The 2016 referendum on EU membership split voters in two, creating two entrenched camps - Brexiteers and Remainers - whose differences show no signs of abating 8 years later. To better understand this political hot potato, we're charting Britain's relationship with the EU from the 1950s all the way up to the present day.
Dan is joined by Tim Bale, Professor of Politics at Queen Mary University of London. Tim explains why Britain first pursued closer integration with Europe, and how various factors saw the Brexit movement eventually gain traction.
Produced by Mariana Des Forges and James Hickmann, and edited by Dougal Patmore.
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