Discover the secrets of the skin microbiome, including its impact on our immune system, wound healing, and odor production. Explore the effect of Western lifestyles on the skin microbiome and the rise of inflammatory skin disorders. Learn about the complex ecosystems of the skin and the role of the skin microbiome in conditions like eczema and its potential connection to the gut microbiome.
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Quick takeaways
Different areas of the skin have varying microbial populations, contributing to the complexity of the skin microbiome.
The skin microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin's barrier function, promoting wound healing, and shaping the development of the immune system.
Deep dives
The Variety of Microbes on Our Skin
The skin is populated with diverse microbes across different layers, such as the epidermis and dermis, and appendages like sweat glands and hair follicles. The areas vary in terms of sebaceous glands, which produce unique lipids that serve as food for skin microbes. For example, the face and back have more bacteria than yeast, while the arms and legs have less abundance of sebaceous lipids. Scalp has large hair follicles housing yeast and mites, while feet have more fungi. The different ecosystems on our skin contribute to the overall complexity of the skin microbiome.
Roles of the Skin Microbiome
The microbiome on the outer layer of the skin plays a significant role in maintaining the skin's barrier function, preventing pathogenic bacteria from entering the bloodstream. It also helps establish immune tolerance and shapes the development of immune cells, training them to recognize harmful bacteria. Additionally, the skin microbiome aids in wound healing by interacting with skin cells and promoting the production of compounds that inhibit pathogenic bacteria. The deeper layers of the skin also contribute to the development of the immune system through their dialogue with immune cells.
Implications for Skin Conditions and Aging
Imbalances in the skin microbiome can contribute to various skin conditions. For instance, eczema is characterized by a dysbiosis of the skin microbiome, with reduced diversity and overrepresentation of specific pathogens. Acne is associated with an increase in certain bacteria due to changes in sebum production during puberty. Additionally, understanding the relationship between the microbiome and aging skin is of interest. The microbiome in aging skin becomes more diverse, and further research aims to explore how changes in the microbiome may impact skin aging and potential interventions.
The trillions of microbes living on and inside the human body are an important part of who we are, from mediating all of our interactions with the environment to determining our cancer risk and influencing who we fall for. And scientists are only just beginning to decipher the species of bugs we share our lives with, and how they shape us. In the final part of this Science Weekly mini-series, Ian Sample meets Julie Thornton, academic director of the Centre for Skin Sciences and professor in cutaneous biology at the university of Bradford. Julie tells Ian how the skin microbiome varies across our bodies, how it helps with everything from wound healing to immunity, and how we can protect it from the disruptive impact of modern life.. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/sciencepod
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