The Battle of Bannekburne: A Pivotal Moment in Scottish History

The Battle of Bannekburne, fought in June 1314, was a pivotal moment in the first war of Scottish independence. Robert the Bruce's Scottish army employed innovative tactics, using Chiltrons—a defensive offensive formation of spears—which proved highly effective against the English cavalry. The English army, led by Edward II, made tactical mistakes and failed to draw back their cavalry, leading to their defeat. The battle lasted two days, with the Scots emerging as victorious, inflicting a massive blow to the English nobility and showcasing Robert the Bruce's leadership. The battle solidified Scotland's resistance against English dominance and helped shape Scottish national identity.