All Things Policy India-China in the Indian Subcontinent: Challenges and Opportunities
Sep 29, 2025
In this discussion, Constantino Xavier, a senior fellow focused on South Asia's dynamics, and Shruti Jargad, a specialist in China’s political landscape, explore the complex India-China relationship. They delve into how China views the subcontinent's identities through various lenses—ecological, economic, and geopolitical. The conversation highlights India’s skepticism toward China, regional perceptions, and the importance of mutual trust. With regional challenges and opportunities on the table, they uncover paths for potential cooperation and the evolving geopolitical landscape.
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China's Many Definitions Of South Asia
- China uses multiple, sometimes contradictory lenses to define South Asia: ecological, economic, geopolitical and civilizational.
- These varying definitions let China expand influence beyond an India-centric map and claim equal regional standing.
Narratives That Recast Regional Roles
- Chinese narratives portray India as a dominant, asymmetric regional actor while simultaneously framing India, Pakistan, and China as having comparable stakes.
- This allows China to present itself as an equal partner that can deliver regional public goods alongside India.
Invest In Deep China Expertise
- Build China expertise in Indian think tanks and policymaking to understand Chinese speech, thinking and action as a triangle.
- Use granular analysis of Chinese rhetoric and deeds to design more effective regional responses.