CBD: what’s the science behind the wellness trend?
Nov 14, 2023
14:16
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Dr Will Lawn, researcher at Kings College University studying the health effects of CBD, discusses the evidence for the benefits of CBD and the recent decision by the UK's Food Standards Authority. Topics covered include the rise of CBD products, regulations and health claims, the value of placebo effect, and understanding the science behind CBD's potential impact on the body.
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Quick takeaways
CBD gained popularity as a wellness product due to marketing campaigns, celebrity endorsements, and knowledge of its efficacy at high doses.
While high-dose CBD has proven effective in treating epilepsy, psychosis, and addiction, more research is needed to support the efficacy of low-dose CBD wellness products.
Deep dives
The Popularity of CBD and Factors Driving its Boom
CBD products gained popularity around 2015 due to a change in perception of cannabis as a wellness product. Marketing campaigns, celebrity endorsements, and the knowledge of CBD's efficacy at high doses also contributed to its popularity. Recent surveys estimate that about 10% of the UK population regularly use CBD, primarily through CBD oils and edibles like gummies.
Regulation and Restrictions on CBD Claims and Usage
CBD supplements are regulated differently from medical products, requiring rigorous clinical trials for making health claims. As a result, CBD companies are unable to promote the health benefits of their products. The UK's Food Standards Agency (FSA) recently reduced the acceptable daily intake of CBD from 70 mg to 10 mg based on concerns of potential long-term adverse effects on liver and thyroid function. The CBD industry criticized this decision as overly cautious.
Limited Scientific Understanding of CBD's Effects and Safety
While high-dose CBD has proven effective in treating rare forms of epilepsy, psychosis, and addiction, there is limited scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of low-dose CBD wellness products. Studies have shown some positive impact on anxiety, insomnia, and pain, but more rigorous research is needed. It is believed that a significant portion of the reported benefits may be due to a placebo effect. Accurate labeling and further research into CBD's long-term safety and mechanisms of action are crucial.
Last month the UK’s Food Standards Authority slashed the recommended safe daily intake of cannabidiol (CBD) from 70mg to 10mg. An estimated one in 10 people in the UK have used products containing CBD, and many users believe it can help with ailments such as insomnia, anxiety and pain. But is there any evidence for the supposed benefits, and what’s behind the FSA’s decision? Ian Sample talks to Dr Will Lawn of Kings College University, who has studied the health effects of CBD, to find out. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/sciencepod
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