Tom Graff, CIO of Facet Wealth and former bond portfolio manager, shares insights on the unexpected rise of mortgage rates despite the Federal Reserve's cut in overnight rates. He explains the complex relationship between mortgage rates and market dynamics, including influences from the bond ecosystem and refinancing challenges. Graff also discusses how rate changes can be priced in before they happen and the factors necessary for sustained decreases in mortgage rates, emphasizing the need for clearer Fed policies.
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Quick takeaways
Despite the Federal Reserve's rate cuts, various market complexities, including investor behaviors and bond characteristics, have contributed to rising mortgage rates.
The intricacies of mortgage pricing, influenced by borrower profiles and market conditions, reveal how banks dynamically adjust rates to optimize profitability.
Deep dives
Mortgage Rate Trends and Economic Impacts
Recent trends in mortgage rates highlight an increase, contradicting expectations set by recent Federal Reserve rate cuts. For instance, while benchmark rates were cut and expected to lead to lower mortgage rates, the opposite occurred, with 30-year mortgage rates approaching 7%. This anomaly has raised questions about the link between Fed actions and mortgage rates, suggesting that factors other than direct Fed influence may be driving mortgage pricing. The discussion emphasizes the complexities of the mortgage market and its relationship with the broader economy.
Understanding Mortgage Bonds and Their Market
The episode delves deeply into the nature of mortgage bonds, particularly how they differ from treasury bonds due to their specific redemption features. Unlike treasury bonds, mortgages allow borrowers the option to refinance without penalties, introducing risks for investors known as negative convexity. This means that when interest rates drop, borrowers are likely to refinance, returning principal to investors without potential gains. Such characteristics of mortgage-backed securities cause investors to demand higher yields to compensate for the unpredictability associated with them.
Key Factors in Mortgage Pricing Explained
The complexity of mortgage pricing is unpacked, illustrating how banks determine rates based on various factors. Banks consider the guarantee fees they pay to entities like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which depend on the credit score and down payment of the borrower. Additionally, banks assess the profitability of selling the mortgage in the market, factoring in current market rates and individual borrower situations. This algorithmic approach leads to daily updates in price offerings based on a myriad of risk assessments and market conditions.
Current Market Dynamics and Future Predictions
The conversation also reflects on the current market dynamics, such as the flat yield curve and its implications for mortgage rates. In a flat yield curve environment, investors require a higher yield on mortgage bonds to motivate purchases, as the potential return on investment diminishes. Furthermore, the episode discusses how a stagnant housing market, coupled with low mortgage applications, affects trading dynamics and investor strategies. Factors like anticipated economic changes and regulations are highlighted as critical to forecasting future movements in mortgage rates.
On September 18, the Federal Reserve kicked off the cutting cycle by reducing overnight rates by 50 basis points. Since then, mortgage rates have gone higher. This is not obviously an intuitive thing to happen. The point of a rate cut is to stimulate the economy by reducing the cost to borrow. And people generally know that interest rates and mortgage costs are linked. Well, it turns out they are linked, but not directly. And certainly not in some linear manner. On this episode of the podcast, we speak with Tom Graff, the CIO of the wealth management firm Facet, and a long-time trader in the fixed income space. We talk about the factors that influence mortgage rates, why the spread between a 30-year fixed and a 10-year Treasury fluctuates over time, and how rate cuts can be priced in before they even happen. We also talk about what we'll need to see for mortgage rates to move sustainably lower.