Join evolutionary biologist Simon Scarpetta, who reveals how iguanas made a daring 5,000-mile journey from North America to Fiji using natural rafts. His insights into these resilient reptiles highlight their adaptability and evolutionary history. Also featured is Judith Pardo-Pérez, a paleontologist discussing the fascinating discovery of Fiona, a pregnant ichthyosaur fossil in Patagonia, which offers clues about ancient marine life and their reproductive habits. It's a captivating dive into evolutionary wonders!
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Iguanas' 5,000-Mile Rafting Trip
Iguanas managed to raft about 5,000 miles across the Pacific from North America to Fiji on mats of vegetation.
Their ectothermic metabolism and ability to eat plants like those on their raft made this incredible journey possible.
insights INSIGHT
Iguanas' Genetic Roots and Route
Genetic studies show the Fijian iguanas are most closely related to North American desert iguanas.
The most probable ancestral origin and dispersal was a direct oceanic rafting from North America to Fiji.
insights INSIGHT
Iguanas' Survival Traits for Rafting
Iguanas' large size and ectothermic metabolism reduce their energy needs, aiding long-distance survival.
Their herbivorous diet allows them to consume the vegetation raft and collect fresh water from dew.
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Millions of years ago, iguanas somehow got from North America to Fiji. Scientists think they made the trip on a raft of fallen vegetation. Also, the marine reptile’s fossilized fetus is cluing paleontologists into the lives of ancient sea creatures.
If you picture iguanas, you might imagine them sunbathing on hot sand in the Caribbean or skittering around the Mojave Desert. But far, far away from where these iguanas are found is another group of iguanas living on the islands of Fiji and Tonga in the South Pacific—closer to New Zealand than the Americas. And it raises the question: How in the world did these iguanas end up all alone, on the other side of the ocean? In a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in March, scientists suggest that millions of years ago, iguanas hitched a ride on a raft and accidentally sailed all the way across the ocean before washing ashore and starting a new life. Host Flora Lichtman discusses the iguanas’ intrepid adventure with lead author Dr. Simon Scarpetta, evolutionary biologist and assistant professor at the University of San Francisco in California.
In the Patagonia region of Chile, Torres del Paine National Park is a graveyard of ichthyosaurs—ancient, dolphin-like reptiles that roamed the oceans when dinosaurs dominated the land. Nearly 90 of these giant reptiles’ fossils have been found amongst the glaciers. But the standout in the bone heap is Fiona, an ichthyosaur that lived 131 million years ago. She’s in pristine condition, the only fully preserved ichthyosaur in Chile. And, she died pregnant. She’s teaching paleontologists about the evolution of her species. And some of those findings were recently published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Host Flora Lichtman talks with lead author Dr. Judith Pardo-Pérez, paleontologist at the University of Magallanes in Chile.
Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on sciencefriday.com.
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