Jennifer Holmgren, CEO of LanzaTech, specializes in converting pollution into valuable fuels. She discusses the innovative process of transforming carbon emissions into ethanol using bacteria. The conversation dives into the economic viability and scaling challenges of sustainable fuel production. Holmgren also addresses the role of sustainable aviation fuels in reducing emissions, and the importance of supportive policies for new energy solutions. Her optimism for sustainable energy shines through, highlighting local economies and innovative practices.
LanzaTech utilizes bacteria to convert industrial carbon emissions into ethanol, providing a sustainable alternative to traditional food crop-derived fuels.
The company faces challenges in scaling production and establishing partnerships, critical for the commercial viability of their innovative pollution-to-fuel technology.
Deep dives
Innovative Ethanol Production from Pollution
A company has developed a groundbreaking method for producing ethanol from carbon emissions, particularly from steel plants. By leveraging unique bacteria, specifically C. autothanogenum, they convert harmful gases like carbon monoxide into ethanol, providing a sustainable alternative to traditional ethanol sources derived from food crops. This approach not only tackles pollution but also addresses issues related to food supply and prices associated with increased agricultural output for fuel. The transformative process involves optimizing the bacteria through directed evolution, enabling them to efficiently produce ethanol instead of the naturally favored acetate.
Scaling Operations and Technology Integration
Transitioning from lab-based experiments to commercial-scale production presented several challenges, including optimizing the pretreatment of gas inputs and establishing valuable partnerships. Recognizing that 50% of the world's steel is produced in China, the company successfully collaborated with local mills to test and scale their technology, leading to the establishment of multiple large-scale facilities. The key to achieving economic viability lies in conducting techno-economic analyses that help identify areas for cost optimization across the production process. Continuous improvement and strong partnerships have proven essential for turning innovative ideas into commercially viable solutions.
Sustainable Aviation Fuel Development
Efforts are underway to develop sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) using the company's ethanol, which could significantly reduce the aviation industry's carbon footprint. Traditional biofuels face limitations due to the high demand for food resources, but the new approach utilizes waste emissions, allowing significant production without competing with food supply. A pilot facility in Georgia is being established to showcase the ethanol-to-aviation fuel conversion technology, with the potential for various ethanol sources to be used in the process. The industry aims to drastically increase the production of SAF within the next decade, moving towards a more sustainable future for air travel.
Future Prospects and Challenges
The vision for the next decade involves scaling production facilities and improving integration across processes to enhance efficiency and reduce costs. The company aims to create a circular economy where waste carbon is repurposed into valuable products such as fuel and textiles. Challenges persist, including competing against established fossil fuel incentives and overcoming skepticism towards novel technologies. The belief in the need for systemic change to create a more sustainable future drives the pursuit of innovative approaches that can provide viable alternatives to harmful carbon emissions.
Jennifer Holmgren is the CEO of LanzaTech. Her problem is this: How do you capture pollution from factories, feed it to bacteria, and get the bacteria to produce ethanol, which can become everything from polyester to jet fuel?