The podcast discusses the creation and pricing of blockbuster drugs, focusing on recent examples such as Wegovy and Ozempic. It explores the challenges in determining the reasonable price for new medicines. Guests include Sir Patrick Vallance, Ruth McKernan, David Brown, and Natasha Loder. The chapters cover topics like the development of HIV drugs, the story behind Viagra, AI and data analysis in drug development, and the progression of treatments for rare diseases.
The success of blockbuster drugs often relies on serendipitous discoveries and unplanned outcomes, highlighting the unpredictable nature of drug discovery.
The pharmaceutical industry faces challenges in drug pricing and sustainability, with a need to balance innovation with reasonable pricing models and societal benefit.
Deep dives
The Rise of Novo Nordisk and Blockbuster Drugs
Novo Nordisk, a Danish drug company, gained significant value in a short period of time due to the success of their drugs Zenpik and Wegovy, which target type 2 diabetes and obesity respectively. These drugs utilize the hormone GLP1 to help patients feel full, burn fat, and reduce food cravings. The development of these drugs was initially focused on treating diabetes, but their effectiveness in weight loss has propelled Novo Nordisk's growth. However, the high cost of these drugs poses a challenge for healthcare systems, especially if long-term use is required.
The Role of Serendipity in Blockbuster Drug Development
Serendipitous discoveries have played a significant role in the development of blockbuster drugs. For example, the drug Viagra was initially being studied for its potential in lowering blood pressure and treating angina. During clinical trials, unexpected side effects in the form of improved erections were discovered, leading to the drug's repositioning as a treatment for erectile dysfunction. The success of blockbuster drugs often hinges on chance observations and unplanned outcomes, highlighting the unpredictable nature of drug discovery.
Biotech's Contribution to Pharma Innovation
Biotech companies serve as the supply chain for pharmaceutical companies, providing novel technologies and molecules for drug discovery. These smaller companies often collaborate with academia to translate basic science into potential drug targets. Venture capital firms, such as SV Health Investors, play a pivotal role in funding and nurturing biotech start-ups. The biotech industry operates in a highly creative and selective manner, with an emphasis on producing valuable drug targets that pharmaceutical companies can acquire or partner with to advance drug development.
The Challenges of Drug Pricing and Sustainability
The pharmaceutical industry faces challenges in drug pricing and sustainability. While drug companies aim to maximize shareholder value, high drug prices can strain healthcare systems' budgets. In diseases where market demands are low, such as antibiotic development, there are concerns about the dwindling pipeline of new drugs. Additionally, the increasingly niche-focused nature of drug development raises questions about affordability and access to treatments, especially for ultra-rare diseases. Balancing the need for innovation with reasonable pricing models and ensuring societal benefit is an ongoing challenge for the industry.
New medicines with sales in the billions of dollars each year are what every pharmaceutical company dreams of, but how do you create one and can they really justify their often high price tags?
Evan Davis and guests discuss the changing origins of so-called 'blockbusters' and their importance to the global drug industry, including recent examples like the obesity and diabetes treatments Wegovy and Ozempic, which have made Novo Nordisk one of the richest companies in Europe.
Plus, as outright cures for some diseases begin to emerge, how can the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare systems agree on what is a reasonable price to pay for them?
Evan is joined by:
Sir Patrick Vallance, former president of research and development at GSK, chief scientific advisor to the UK government, now chair of the Natural History Museum;
Ruth McKernan, venture partner at SV Health Investors;
David Brown, chairman and co-founder of Healx and co-creator of Viagra;
Natasha Loder, health editor, The Economist.
PRODUCTION TEAM:
Producer: Simon Tulett
Editor: China Collins
Sound: Graham Puddifoot
Production co-ordinator: Gemma Ashman
(Picture: Rolls of dollar bills next to a bottle of pills. Credit: Getty Images)
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