A Normative Sociological Approach to Secularism and Multiculturalism
Nov 13, 2024
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Tariq Modood, a Professor of sociology, politics, and public policy at the University of Bristol, delves into his insightful new book on secularism and multiculturalism. He tackles the complexities of contemporary secularism, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of political secularism in multicultural settings. Modood critiques the oversimplification of Muslim identities and discusses how far-right movements exploit Christian imagery. His call for accommodation rather than separation aims to foster a more inclusive approach to religious and cultural diversity.
Islamophobia is fundamentally a racialized perception of Muslims, reflecting societal views rather than an engagement with Islamic beliefs.
Political secularism should operate as a supportive framework for diverse religious identities, enriching multicultural societies rather than enforcing strict separation.
Deep dives
Understanding Islamophobia as Racialization
Islamophobia is conceptualized as a form of racialization rather than mere hostility towards a religion. The focus is placed on the societal perception of Muslims, asserting that negative attitudes stem from racialized views attached to their identity rather than an engagement with Islamic beliefs. This view has gained traction alongside developments in anti-Muslim racism studies in Europe, aligning with historical frameworks of anti-Semitism where a religious community is racialized. The centering of racial perceptions highlights the necessity for a deeper understanding of how Muslims navigate their identities amidst Islamophobic sentiments.
The Role of Secularism in Multiculturalism
Political secularism is framed not as the absence of religion in public life, but as a means to support and integrate diverse religious identities within a multicultural framework. This model argues against the strict separation of religion and state, illustrating how countries like the Netherlands and Germany employ a supportive stance towards religious institutions as part of their national identity. By recognizing the public good that religion can contribute, the book advocates for a form of secularism that fosters inclusion and facilitates interfaith alliances. The approach supports the idea that religious diversity can coexist with state policies, enriching the civil landscape rather than diminishing it.
Revisiting Multicultural Policies and Far-Right Politics
The rise of far-right politics poses challenges to the multicultural vision where secularism accommodates various faiths. Far-right groups often embrace a tough secular mindset, prioritizing a singular cultural identity that marginalizes minority religions, including Islam. This reaction highlights an ideological battle where civic nationalism is used to push back against perceived threats from increasing religious assertiveness in public spaces. The response, however, underscores a growing division within political spheres, as even religious communities begin to grapple with the instrumentalization of their faith by political factions.