Does the economy still matter for elections? With John Burn-Murdoch
Jul 1, 2024
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Data reporter John Burn-Murdoch joins Soumaya to discuss the changing relationship between the economy and elections. They analyze how economic sentiment influences voter behavior in the US and UK, mentioning the impact on disaffected Trump supporters and the role of education. The podcast also touches on immigration policies, challenges in the American and British political systems, predictions for Labour and the Tories, recent election results in the UK and US, and emotional hedging in elections.
Voters in the US and UK are showing a weakening relationship between economic sentiments and political allegiances, diverging from historical patterns in Western Europe.
Education levels now play a crucial role in shaping voting behavior, indicating a shift towards education-based voting in countries like the UK and US.
Deep dives
The Influence of the Economy on Elections
Elections in various countries show a trend where incumbents are being punished due to recent economic challenges like inflation, but the link between the economy and voters' views on politicians is becoming complex and weak. While there was a clear relationship between economic performance and leaders' approval in the past, especially pre-2000s, recent data suggests a divergence, with limited impact on politics even during economic downturns. Unlike historical patterns in Western Europe, especially in France and Germany where views of the economy affect support for incumbent leaders, countries like the US and UK are displaying a weakening relationship between economic sentiments and political allegiances.
Economic Impact on Voting Behavior
Historically, income divisions shaped voting behavior, but now education levels play a crucial role, especially in the UK and US. A shift towards education-based voting indicates a changing political landscape. Economic growth concerns contribute to voter volatility in the UK, reflecting disenchantment with progress. The variation in how economic factors influence voting behavior highlights evolving voter dynamics based on education and economic sentiments.
Impact of Economic Change on Voter Reactions
Voters reacting to economic changes emphasize values more than economic circumstances in their voting decisions. The rise of populist movements and shifts in voting patterns in response to socio-cultural dynamics indicate a complex interplay between economic factors and political alliances. While certain groups respond to economic challenges through voting behavior changes, broader ideological and cultural considerations dominate realignments in political support.
Political Systems' Response to Economic Influences
The UK's political system exhibits volatility and disproportionality due to a multi-party landscape within a first-past-the-post framework, creating significant distortions in seat allocations based on voting shares. In contrast, the entrenched polarization in the US political system limits responsiveness to external stimuli, undermining meritocratic governance and obstructing policy effectiveness. Each system faces unique challenges in translating electoral mandates into governance.
For years, pollsters described elections as referendums on the economy. But recently, voters have started to change how they talk about the economy, and how they vote. Today on the show, data reporter John Burn-Murdoch joins Soumaya to discuss shifts in how voters are thinking, and what that means for democracy.
Soumaya Keynes writes a column each week for the Financial Times. You can find it here