Paris erupts in the second revolution of the French Revolution, resulting in the fall of the monarchy and a bloody massacre. The podcast explores the reasons behind the revolt and questions if bloodshed could have been avoided. It also discusses the events of August 10, 1792, focusing on the violent nature of the insurrection and the massacre of the Swiss guards. The varying perspectives of historians regarding revolutionary violence are explored, highlighting the divisions among the revolutionaries.
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Quick takeaways
The August 10th insurrection during the French Revolution was driven by a desire to save the revolution from European despotism and establish a French Republic.
Divisions within the revolutionary left, with some factions favoring a second revolution and others being more cautious, led to delays and a lack of unanimous support for the insurrection.
The arrest and subsequent murder of Mandar, the commander of the National Guard, weakened the defense of the palace and contributed to the loss of unity among the defenders.
Deep dives
Background context and discontent leading up to the Insurrection of 10 August 1792
The summer of 1792 was a dark time for the French Revolution, with war, inflation, food shortages, and counter-revolutionaries causing severe hardship. In response, the radical cohorts of Paris formed a broad coalition seeking to save the revolution from European despotism. They prepared for a second revolution, demanding the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a French Republic. However, the Legislative Assembly, representing the entire nation, showed hesitancy in supporting these radical demands, leading to divisions and tension.
The planned insurrection and divisions among revolutionaries
The sections of Paris, representing different neighborhoods, set a deadline for the Legislative Assembly to act. When the Assembly failed to respond favorably, around 30 out of 48 sections formed an insurrectionary commune to take matters into their own hands. However, not all sections immediately supported the insurrection, reflecting divisions within the revolutionary left. While some favored a second revolution and were ready to take up arms, others, especially Girondins and those aligned with Rousseau, were more cautious. This led to delays in mobilization and a lack of unanimous support.
The violent culmination of the insurrection
On the morning of 10 August 1792, the insurrectionists, reinforced by citizens, federates, and sunkulots, attacked the Tuileries Palace, the seat of the monarchy. Initially, the Swiss soldiers defending the palace showed willingness to negotiate, but misinterpretations and conflicting orders led to shots being fired. This triggered a brutal massacre as the assailants unleashed their fury, killing around 600 Swiss soldiers and others perceived as loyal to the monarchy. The 10th of August became one of the bloodiest days of the revolution, foreshadowing the violence that would characterize the following years.
The Fall of Munda, Commander of the National Guard
On the 10th of August, during the insurrection, Mandar, the commander of the National Guard, was arrested and subsequently murdered by a mob. With his death, the defense of the palace was weakened, resulting in a loss of unity and firmness among the defenders. The removal of Munda dealt a major blow to the effectiveness of the palace's defense force, which consisted of Swiss soldiers, former officers of the constitutional guard, and National Guard members.
The Last Stand and Disunity at the Palace
Following the arrest of Mandar, King Louis XVI attempted to rally his troops. However, due to disunity within the National Guard stationed at the palace, his attempts were met with mixed reactions. Some units showed support for the king, while others sided with the insurrectionists. The lack of a strong leader like Munda left the troops unmotivated to defend the palace. Queen Marie Antoinette advocated for a last stand, but the king, feeling defeated and apathetic, sought to avoid bloodshed.
Paris erupts and the second revolution commences. Amongst the chaos, a new power takes over the capital, and the monarchy falls in a bloody massacre. What compelled the revolutionaries to strike on the 10th of August 1792? How popular was the revolt? Was bloodshed avoidable and can it be justified?
Exclusive Bonus Content (Episode Extras)
1. "Was A Defence Possible?" - The Queen demanded a defence of the palace, but was it possible? Hear from historians and Napoleon!
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About
Grey History: The French Revolution and Napoleon is a podcast dedicated to exploring the complexities of our history. By examining both the experiences of contemporaries and the conclusions of historians, Grey History seeks to unpack the ambiguities and nuances of the past. Understanding the French Revolution and the age of Napoleon is critical to understanding the history of the world, so join us on a journey through a series of events that would be almost unbelievable if it weren't for the fact that it's true! If you're looking for a binge-worthy history podcast on the Revolution and Napoleon, you're in the right place! Enjoy the Revolutions podcast? You'll love this!