What’s wrong with effective altruism? With Martin Sandbu
Oct 14, 2024
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Martin Sandbu, an insightful FT economics editorial writer, dives into the evolution of effective altruism, tracing its transformation from a charitable approach to a complex moral landscape filled with existential risks. He discusses the fallout from Sam Bankman-Fried's scandal and its impact on the movement, questioning the ethics of utilitarianism. The conversation highlights the need for a more nuanced perspective on altruism, addressing the challenges and future of this ideology in a changing world.
Effective altruism transitioned from a focus on measurable charitable actions to grappling with existential crises like AI risks and global catastrophes.
The ethical implications of effective altruism's utilitarian framework raise questions about prioritizing future lives over pressing humanitarian needs today.
Deep dives
Evolution of Effective Altruism
Effective altruism began as a movement focused on maximizing charitable donations towards measurable and impactful causes, such as anti-malaria bed nets and deworming pills. Over time, it transformed into a broader set of existential concerns, including risks from artificial intelligence and catastrophic events like pandemics and nuclear war. This shift has not only expanded the movement's reach but also led to its entanglement with high-profile tech entities like FTX and OpenAI, surprising many observers. The movement now encompasses a range of unconventional ideas, including space governance and improving individual reasoning, indicating a significant departure from its original focus on immediate humanitarian relief.
Utilitarian Framework and Its Implications
At the heart of effective altruism is a utilitarian framework that seeks the greatest good for the greatest number, often simplifying complex moral dilemmas into quantifiable metrics. This approach appeals to certain personality types seeking clarity amidst uncertainty, especially in a post-9/11 world marked by crises. However, critics argue that this strict adherence to quantification leads to morally questionable conclusions, such as prioritizing future lives over the immediate needs of those suffering today. The challenge arises in determining which lives have greater value—posing ethical questions about whether some lives should be weighted more heavily than others.
Impact of Scandals on the Movement
The downfall of Sam Bankman-Fried, a prominent advocate and financier within the effective altruism community, has raised serious ethical questions regarding the movement's foundational principles. Many within the community reacted with shock and dismay, grappling with how their guiding ideology might have inadvertently rationalized fraudulent behavior. Despite this setback, there is a sense that the core group of effective altruists may remain steadfast in their beliefs and refine their focus back to foundational humanitarian causes. Ultimately, while the movement faces challenges, the desire to channel altruism effectively remains and could lead to a renewed emphasis on traditional charitable efforts.
The effective altruism movement has been on a wild ride over the past decade. EA started – in the popular consciousness, at least – as a forum for mindful questions about where best to put charitable dollars. Think bed nets and de-worming pills. But, since then, EA seems to have devolved into rationalisations for making tons of money, freak-outs about AI and the end of humanity. Today, on the show, Soumaya and guest Martin Sandbu, the FT economics editorial writer, discuss EA’s evolution, its future and whether it even makes any sense.
Soumaya Keynes writes a column each week for the Financial Times. You can find it here