Stephen Meyer's 'The God Hypothesis' presents a case for intelligent design as a viable explanation for the origin of life and the universe. Meyer argues that certain features of the natural world, such as the complexity of DNA and the fine-tuning of the universe, are best explained by an intelligent cause rather than purely natural processes. The book critiques materialistic and naturalistic explanations, challenging the prevailing scientific consensus. Meyer draws on evidence from cosmology, biology, and information theory to support his hypothesis. It is a controversial work that has sparked debate among scientists, philosophers, and theologians.
In this book, Nick Bostrom delves into the implications of creating superintelligence, which could surpass human intelligence in all domains. He discusses the potential dangers, such as the loss of human control over such powerful entities, and presents various strategies to ensure that superintelligences align with human values. The book examines the 'AI control problem' and the need to endow future machine intelligence with positive values to prevent existential risks[3][5][4].
In 'The End of History and the Last Man', Francis Fukuyama posits that with the ascendancy of Western liberal democracy following the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, humanity has reached the end point of its ideological evolution. Fukuyama draws on the philosophies of Hegel and Marx, arguing that history is a linear progression towards liberal democracy, driven by the mechanisms of natural science and the human desire for recognition (thymos). He contends that liberal democracy satisfies every man’s thymotic longing for dignity and recognition, making it the final form of human government. However, Fukuyama clarifies that this does not mean the end of historical events or conflicts, but rather that all future developments will be within the framework of liberal democracy[2][3][4].
Published in 1689, 'Two Treatises of Government' is a seminal work by John Locke that critiques the divine right of kings and advocates for a government based on the consent of the governed. The first treatise refutes Robert Filmer's 'Patriarcha,' which argued for the divine right of kings, while the second treatise outlines Locke's theory of civil society, the state of nature, natural rights, and the social contract. Locke argues that legitimate governments derive their power from the consent of the people and that individuals have the right to rebellion if the government fails to protect their natural rights to life, liberty, and property. His ideas significantly influenced the American and French Revolutions and remain central to liberal political theory[2][4][5].
This textbook provides a straightforward and comprehensive introduction to basic macro and microeconomic concepts. It is designed to be accessible and is widely used in introductory economics courses. The book covers fundamental principles and theories in economics, making it a valuable resource for students and those new to the subject.
Is liberalism collapsing under the weight of its contradictions?
In this Conversation with Peter Boghossian, Peter sits down with economist and political thinker Philip Pilkington to examine the unraveling of liberalism, not as a policy failure, but as a philosophical dead end. From John Locke’s contract theory to the chaos of contemporary identity politics, Pilkington argues that liberalism has been stretched beyond its functional use and now teeters on the edge of absurdity.
They explore what comes next: a return to civilizational roots, a post-liberal future shaped by ancient ethics, economic realism, and the re-emergence of pre-liberal norms. Peter pushes back on Christian nationalism, the legitimacy crisis in Western institutions, and the techno-optimism surrounding AI, while both wrestle with the future of Western civilization, if there is one.
Liberalism is not evolving, it’s collapsing. And what replaces it may not be liberal at all.
Find Philip Pilkington:
Host of the Multipolarity Podcast: @MultipolarPod.
Follow Philip on X: @philippilk
Follow Philip on Substack: https://substack.com/@macrocosm
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Conversations with Peter Boghossian 
