Expert in American history and author Daniel Immerwahr joins to discuss Teddy Roosevelt's role in the Spanish-US war of 1898. Topics include American imperialism, strategic ambiguity, White Man's Burden, and Roosevelt's leadership with the Rough Riders in Cuba.
The Spanish-US war marked a pivotal shift towards American colonialism and expansion, acquiring territories like the Philippines and Guam.
The Monroe Doctrine justified US intervention in conflicts like the Spanish-US war to protect American interests from European influence.
Deep dives
Origins of the Spanish-US War
The late 19th century marked the end of confrontations between the US Army and indigenous tribes, leading up to tensions surrounding the Spanish-US war as the frontier concept dissipated. The 1890s represented a period of growth for the US, yet concerns arose regarding economic constraints and a decline in frontier-based expansion amidst a volatile capitalist landscape. This historical context sets the stage for the Spanish-US war due to changing socio-economic dynamics.
Cuba's Significance and History
Cuba's deep-rooted history under Spanish colonization, dating back centuries to Columbus' arrival, highlights its economic importance in the 18th and 19th centuries. The island's focus on sugar and tobacco plantations established a robust economy, attracting strategic interest from influential figures like Thomas Jefferson for its economic potential. Amidst growing aspirations for territorial expansion, Cuba emerged as a pivotal point for American growth aspirations amidst the shifting economic dynamics of the late 19th century.
The Monroe Doctrine and US Intervention
The Monroe Doctrine, originating in 1823 as a proclamation protecting the Western Hemisphere from European imperialistic encroachment, evolved to align with American interests in the Americas. The doctrine's retrospective interpretation positioned the US as the rightful custodian of Western Hemisphere powers, justifying interventionist policies. This ideological shift laid the groundwork for justifying US involvement in conflicts such as the Spanish-US war under the guise of protecting American interests and halting European influence.
The Triumph and Complex Legacy of the Spanish-US War
The Spanish-US war culminated in the Treaty of Paris in 1898, signifying a turning point in American history regarding imperialistic pursuits. While Spain's defeat marked a significant milestone, the treaty showcased a complex aftermath with the US acquiring territories like the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico, signifying a shift towards colonialism. Additionally, the US occupation of Cuba and the establishment of the Guantanamo Bay lease highlighted the intricate legacies and repercussions of the war, influencing future foreign policy actions and international relationships.
In 1898, whilst his boss was on a break at the osteopath, Teddy Roosevelt basically started a war. A master of the press, he managed to whip up war fever amongst jingoists in Congress, leading the United States to declare war on imperial Spain. Building on an established independence movement in Cuba, the US was ambiguous about its intentions. Was it liberation or colonisation that it wanted for this Caribbean island? Listen as Anita and William are joined again by Daniel Immerwahr to discuss the Spanish-US war.