Live at the National Constitution Center

Born Equal: America’s Founding Promise and the Fight for Equality

Sep 23, 2025
Akhil Reed Amar, a Yale Law School professor and leading constitutional scholar, dives into the evolution of equality in America, as showcased in his book, Born Equal. He traces the origins of 'All Men Are Created Equal' and discusses Lincoln's interpretation of equality. Amar highlights the significance of the Reconstruction amendments in establishing birthright equality and analyzes influential figures like John Quincy Adams, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Frederick Douglass. He emphasizes the importance of understanding constitutional history to foster civic learning.
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INSIGHT

Lincoln’s Reinterpretation Of Equality

  • Abraham Lincoln reframed the Declaration's "all men are created equal" to mean equality in life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness rather than physical traits.
  • That reframing paved the way for post‑Civil War amendments deepening birthright citizenship and voting equality.
ANECDOTE

JQA’s Wartime Theory Influenced Lincoln

  • John Quincy Adams developed the wartime legal theory that the federal government may free slaves as a war measure.
  • Abraham Lincoln later used Adams's idea to justify the Emancipation Proclamation and stands on his shoulders politically.
INSIGHT

Stowe Turned Abolition Into Public Feeling

  • Harriet Beecher Stowe made slavery visceral by centering women and children in Uncle Tom's Cabin and became America's first literary superstar.
  • Her moral storytelling shifted public feeling and helped mobilize anti‑slavery sentiment domestically and abroad.
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