Coral Davenport and Dana Smith discuss the economic impact of extreme heat on workers and the lack of federal regulations in the US. They emphasize the urgent need for action to address rising temperatures and the consequences of inaction. The podcast also explores the making of chocolate and its connection to heat, as well as the devastating impact of a dangerous heat wave on millions of Americans. The effects of extreme heat on the human body are examined, highlighting the need to adapt to hotter temperatures and suggesting coping strategies.
Extreme heat is causing significant economic losses, with a projected cost of $500 billion per year by the middle of the century.
Extreme heat poses serious health risks to workers, including heat exhaustion and heat stroke, requiring immediate cooling measures to prevent organ failure and save lives.
Deep dives
The Economic Cost of Extreme Heat on Indoor Workers
Extreme heat is not only affecting outdoor workers but also having a significant impact on indoor workers in the United States. The economic cost of heat is causing a loss of about two and a half billion work hours per year, translating to around $100 billion in economic loss annually. This cost is projected to increase to $500 billion per year by the middle of the century. Heat reduces worker productivity, with a 25% drop in productivity at 90 degrees and a 70% drop at temperatures above 100 degrees. Indoor workers in non-air-conditioned factories are particularly affected, as factories were built in a time when extreme heat was not as common. The economic burden falls on employers who face reduced hours, higher workers' compensation costs, and potentially lower worker retention rates.
The Impact of Extreme Heat on Worker Health
Extreme heat poses serious health risks to workers, including heat exhaustion and heat stroke. When the body is exposed to extreme heat, the heart works harder to push blood to the skin's surface, leading to increased heart rate and lower blood pressure. This can result in reduced oxygen supply to organs like the heart, kidneys, gut, and brain, leading to multi-organ failure. Heat exhaustion, characterized by fatigue, muscle weakness, and dizziness, is the first stage of heat-related illness. Heat stroke, the most severe stage, can be life-threatening and is characterized by confusion, delirium, and loss of the body's ability to cool itself through sweating. Immediate cooling measures, such as ice baths, are crucial in preventing organ failure and saving lives.
Vulnerability of Specific Groups to Extreme Heat
Certain groups, such as the elderly and those with pre-existing heart conditions, are more vulnerable to the dangers of extreme heat. Older adults have reduced sweating capabilities and decreased blood flow, making it harder for their bodies to cool down. Individuals with heart conditions may be particularly susceptible to heat-related deaths due to the increased strain on the heart. While heat adaptation is possible for extreme athletes, it is not a realistic strategy for the general population. It is important to respect and take seriously the risks of extreme heat, incorporating practical measures such as air conditioning, hydration, and utilizing cooling centers to mitigate heat-related illnesses and fatalities.
The Need for Regulations and Adaptation
The economic losses, health risks, and impact of extreme heat necessitate both regulatory action and individual adaptation. Currently, there are no federal regulations in the United States for worker protection from heat exposure. However, the Biden administration has directed the development of national heat exposure regulations by OSHA, which could take up to 10 years. Employers are faced with the challenge of balancing the costs of implementing cooling measures against the loss of worker productivity and potential health risks. It is crucial to recognize the new normal of increased heat events and adapt behaviors and lifestyles to ensure safety and well-being in a warming climate.
This summer, unrelenting heat waves have taken a devastating toll in many parts of the world, putting this year on track to be the hottest ever recorded.
Coral Davenport, who covers energy and environmental policy for The Times, and Dana Smith, a reporter for the Well section, discuss what it means to live in this new normal, an era in which extreme heat threatens our way of life.
Guest: Coral Davenport, an energy and environmental policy correspondent for The New York Times.
Dana G. Smith, a reporter for the Well section of The New York Times.
For more information on today’s episode, visit nytimes.com/thedaily. Transcripts of each episode will be made available by the next workday.
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