Yale ornithologist Richard Prum challenges traditional evolutionary biology theories by incorporating queer theory and Darwin's neglected hypothesis. He discusses the evolution of feathers, bird behaviors, mate choice, and female ducks' unique contraception methods. The conversation also explores dynamic pricing in economics and the application of queer feminist theory to biology research.
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Quick takeaways
Feathers evolved from down feathers, not elongated scales, challenging traditional assumptions about their origin.
Female ducks have complex vaginal structures to prevent forced copulation, showcasing the importance of freedom of choice in evolutionary success.
Richard Prum intertwines queer theory with biology to challenge essentialist views on sex and gender, advocating for a more nuanced understanding.
Deep dives
Evolution of Feathers: From Tubes to Tufts
Feathers were believed to have evolved to facilitate flight, but recent research highlights their distinct evolutionary history. Feathers are tubular structures that grow differently from scales, debunking the previous assumption. The developmental origin and growth pattern of feathers challenge traditional ideas, such as their evolution from elongated scales.
Richard Fromm's Theory on Feather Evolution
Ornithologist Richard Fromm presented a theory suggesting that feather evolution started with down feathers rather than elongated scales. His theory was based on modern feather growth observations and developmental insights. Research on fossil dinosaurs with feather-like structures supported and enhanced his theory, leading to its publication and subsequent acceptance.
Female Mate Choice and Evolution of Beauty
Richard Prum discusses the concept of female mate choice driving evolutionary patterns, focusing on the evolution of beauty in birds. He challenges traditional views that emphasize adaptation and good genes as drivers of mate selection. Prum's approach highlights the role of subjective preference and arbitrary traits in shaping the diversity of plumages, calls, and display behavior among bird species.
Evolutionary Response to Sexual Violence in Ducks
Female ducks have evolved vaginal complexity to prevent forced copulation, leading to a 95% success rate at excluding sperm from fertilizing their eggs. This adaptation highlights the evolutionary importance of freedom of choice and the avoidance of sexual violence in animal behavior.
Incorporating Queer Feminist Theory in Biology
The latest work by Richard Prum integrates queer feminist theory into biology to challenge traditional views. By applying performativity concepts, especially in genetics, he argues for a more complex understanding of biological development and evolution, emphasizing the role of freedom of choice and rejecting essentialist ideas about sex and gender.
Richard Prum says there's a lot that traditional evolutionary biology can't explain. He thinks a neglected hypothesis from Charles Darwin — and insights from contemporary queer theory — hold the answer. Plus: You won't believe what female ducks use for contraception.
SOURCE:
Richard Prum, professor of ornithology, ecology and evolutionary biology at Yale University.